Crop Circles

2012 Best Price Crop Circles: The Greatest Mystery of Modern Times Sales

2012-01-28T01:08:00.000-08:00

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Crop Circles: The Greatest Mystery of Modern Times

>>>> Best time to Buy Crop Circles: The Greatest Mystery of Modern Times on Best Price In this extraordinary study, Lucy Pringle brings together her stunning aerial photographs with her many years of intensive research investigating a phenomenon which continues to baffle scientists throughout the world.

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2012 Best Price Crop Circles: Exploring the Designs & Mysteries Sales

2012-01-27T01:07:00.000-08:00

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Crop Circles: Exploring the Designs & Mysteries

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Throughout the world, mysterious patterns have almost magically started appearing in fields--baffling the farmers who own the land and the scientists who examine them. What are these fantastic geometric figures? Who (or what) is creating them? Two journalists specializing in crop circle research provide revealing answers in this bestselling and visually stunning study. A spectacular 30-page pictorial, which presents an eye-catching survey of the contin-uing phenomenon, will fascinate believers and non-believers alike with its surprising beauty, variety, and complexity.

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2012 Best Price Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax Sales

2012-01-26T01:07:00.000-08:00

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Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax

>>>> Best time to Buy Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax on Best Price Crop circles, those beautiful and complex patterns that are visible from the air in fields around the world, have long fascinated the public, media, and scientific community. Vital Signs is a comprehensive guide for newcomers to these puzzling patterns and an essential history for those who are already intrigued. Illustrated with hundreds of full-color and black-and-white photos, this chronological and photographic history is an accessible discussion of the various crop circle theories, physical and statistical evidence, and the surprising effects these formations have had on observers and researchers.

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2012 Best Price The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research and Urban Legends Sales

2012-01-25T01:07:00.000-08:00

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The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research and Urban Legends

>>>> Best time to Buy The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research and Urban Legends on Best Price Though they are not just a recent phenomenon, during the past few decades new crop circles have been reported worldwide at the rate of about one per day, creating considerable controversy over their origin and cause. Theoretical experimental physicist Eltjo Haselhoff presents a comprehensive overview of these beautiful and mysterious formations. His research includes a scientific investigation of germination anomalies, the dead fly enigma, peculiar deposits, geometrical ratios, and balls of light. In addition, he reports on the first-person accounts of people who have witnessed their appearance and even ventures into the study of the psychic perspective. Haselhoff comes to some fascinating conclusions in the last chapter, 'Circular Arguments.' After reading this book, you will definitely agree with Conclusion Six: 'Something very strange going on.'

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2012 Best Price Crop Circles: The Bones of God Sales

2012-01-24T01:06:00.000-08:00

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Crop Circles: The Bones of God

>>>> Best time to Buy Crop Circles: The Bones of God on Best Price How does mankind deal with miracles? This question has assumed a more-than-theoretical importance in the life of Michael Glickman, who has been witnessing the miraculous on a regular basis since he investigated his first crop circle in 1990. In the years since then, an intensive study of the crop-circle phenomenon in the region of its most important appearances—the English countryside—has given Glickman extraordinary personal insight into a subject usually known only through secondhand reports and speculation.

More than eight years in the writing, Crop Circles: The Bones of God is unique among books on this modern enigma in that it combines the author’s firsthand field encounters with some of the most famous crop-circle formations (such as Alton Barnes 1990 and Silbury Hill 1997, as well as more recent circles) with intricate and dazzling analyses of the structure and content of those formations. This beautifully illustrated mix of personal narrative with detailed study informs a larger discussion of the role of crop circles in the modern world and their unprecedented promise of new chapters in the history of consciousness.

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2012 Best Price Crop Circles: Signs, Wonders and Mysteries Sales

2012-01-23T01:06:00.000-08:00

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2012 Best Price Crop Circles: Art in the Landscape Sales

2012-01-22T01:06:00.001-08:00

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Crop Circles: Art in the Landscape

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Whether they are scientific enigmas, paranormal phenomena, mischievous hoaxes, or inspired land art, the scale, beauty, and mathematical and symbolic complexity of crop circles continue to astound. Throughout the summer months every year, in fields of oilseed rape, barley, and wheat, a rash of ever more elaborate circles and designs appears. Lucy Pringle has been photographing and researching crop circles for nearly 20 years. Here she presents a catalog of her awe-inspiring aerial photographs taken across the south of England from 1993 to 2006, guaranteed to amaze believers and skeptics alike.

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2012 Best Price Secrets in the Fields: The Science and Mysticism of Crop Circles Sales

2012-01-21T01:06:00.000-08:00

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Secrets in the Fields: The Science and Mysticism of Crop Circles

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For over fifteen centuries the mysterious crop circles have been mentioned in academic and religious texts. In the 1890s farmers and military personnel witnessed them being created in seconds by tubes of light and other luminosities.

But around 1980 the phenomenon went into overdrive and exploded worldwide, with some10,000 reports spread over 29 countries. A major controversy erupted followed by a pre-designed debunking campaign through the media. But the 80 eyewitness accounts clearly tell another story that a genuine phenomenon is at work. So what are crop circles, why are they here and what is responsible?

This book by veteran researcher and international best-selling author Freddy Silva is the most comprehensive account of the mystery ever published, much of it from personal and hands-on experience.

Written at enormous personal sacrifice, Silva brings you the complete history of the phenomenon, the anomalies that defy the present boundaries of science, and the deliberate official efforts to discredit it and manipulate the public s opinion.

Copiously illustrated with over 400 images and diagrams, he delves into the hard evidence and describes how the designs may be created by sound, plasma and the manipulation of local magnetic fields. He dissects their sacred geometry, their known meanings, hidden messages, connections with ancient symbols, and how they are energetically linked to ancient sacred sites such as Stonehenge and the Giza pyramids.

Ultimately he comes face-to-face with the source of the real crop circles including a photo of a Circle-maker and discovers how the glyphs are associated with the upcoming cycle of earth changes, and how they are working energetically to influence the future direction of human consciousness.

The message in this comprehensive and critically-acclaimed work will surprise and humble you. For the crop circles are a guide to where we have been, and a signpost to where we are headed.

Paperback with picture of a green field with a crop circle on it.

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2011-08-15T21:44:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles, Ufos and Music: The Diatonic Scale Discovered in Crop Circles, Ufo Notes Heard, Ancient Ratio Uncovered Review

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Check Out CROP CIRCLE YEAR BOOK 1999: A PICTORIAL TOUR OF CROP CIRCLES AND THEIR LANDSCAPES

2011-08-09T04:22:00.001-07:00

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2011-07-31T21:22:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

A short horror story about a man who loses his way in the country and comes across some strange goings-on.

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A short horror story about a man who loses his way in the country and comes across some strange goings-on.

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2011-07-27T15:22:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles, Ufos and Music: The Diatonic Scale Discovered in Crop Circles, Ufo Notes Heard, Ancient Ratio Uncovered Review

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2011-07-22T10:22:00.001-07:00

A Small Archive of Geometric Terraformations (Crop Circle Jerk) Review

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2011-07-07T16:44:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Review

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2011-06-29T01:21:00.001-07:00

Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax Review

Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax Overview

Crop circles, those beautiful and complex patterns that are visible from the air in fields around the world, have long fascinated the public, media, and scientific community. Vital Signs is a comprehensive guide for newcomers to these puzzling patterns and an essential history for those who are already intrigued. Illustrated with hundreds of full-color and black-and-white photos, this chronological and photographic history is an accessible discussion of the various crop circle theories, physical and statistical evidence, and the surprising effects these formations have had on observers and researchers.

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2011-06-26T13:54:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles - Mission Clony Earth: Returning Colonizers from Ancient Astronauts' Planet Nibiru Review

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2011-06-24T04:48:00.001-07:00

The Gift : The Crop Circles Deciphered Review

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Blue hardcover with jacket in colors of blue and picture of the craft

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The author skillfully blends the analytical skills of a former USAF pilot and years of experience as a commercial pilot in deciphering the enigmatic mystery of crop circle formations that began appearing in farmer's fields in 1988.

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2011-06-21T20:09:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: Art in the Landscape Review

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Check Out Magical Circles: A Children's Coloring & Activity Book (Volume 1) for $8.39

2011-06-19T12:21:00.001-07:00

Magical Circles: A Children's Coloring & Activity Book (Volume 1) Review

Magical Circles: A Children's Coloring & Activity Book (Volume 1) Overview

Like "Circles of Dreams" (submitted recently), this is basically a crop circle/mandala coloring book; however, this edition is designed mainly with children in mind. It is 24 pages shorter, the crop circle designs used are (in general) somewhat simpler, and also contains various games, puzzles, drawing opportunities, etc. Unlike "Circles of Dreams", it does not have page numbers, a table of contents nor index.

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2011-06-17T04:36:00.001-07:00

My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) Review

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Use Historic Locations To Learn Conceptual Social Studies

2011-06-14T20:57:00.001-07:00

I was thinking about Walt Whitman as Steven and I walked along the red sand road to the Rose Bud Hill Pioneer Settlement. This tree lined forest lane was our road less traveled as Steven started a new adventure as an independently schooled kid. Steven was running ahead checking out all the informative signs along the trail. This was his first day as an independent learner. I wanted him to realize that he could learn easily so I set up this little trip to the Rose Bud Hill historic settlement.

Being a typical 14 year old he didn't want to look like a geek carrying a notebook. To tell you the truth I wouldn't have done it either so we took a digital camera instead. Don't make a kid feel embarassed. The fact is that you can do as much or more with a digital camera than you can with a notebook. He took an absurd number of pictures but in the process he documented everything there was to document. He photographed the information signs along with anything else that caught his attention so they could be placed in a PowerPoint. Make use of technology. Remember we are dealing with a species we might called technokids. A 14 year old has never lived without cell phones. There is no reason to take copious notes when photographs can illustrate everything.

We walked a few hundred more feet when I was almost scared to death. Suddenly a deer jumped up out of the bushes. I reacted as if it was bigfoot. But what a beautiful animal. After I realized I wasn't going to be Bigfoots lunch I kept thinking about food. "Steven, what could that animal be used for by the people who lived here?" He immediately said "you can eat it". "What else can you do with it?" He thought for a minute and then said "you can make clothes with the skin." Then he decided that you could dry the meat for the winter.

Then we heard a furious commotion in a tree. We looked up to see several squirrels jumping from limb to limb in the top of a huge Red Oak. He ran over to the base of the enormous tree. He bent over backwards trying to look at what was creating the problem in the treetop. A loud chattering sound could be heard. Then I heard him yell squirrels. Look they're fighting. I asked, "can you eat squirrels." He made a horrible face while saying I guess so. "Yes, you can", I said. Lets see what you've learned so far. This particular forest can provide two things you need to succeed in making a settlement; food and clothing. He ran over and took a picture of the tracks left by the deer. Without really trying Steven had learned that sources of food had to be in place for settlements to work.

He kept taking pictures and carefully photographed all the explanatory markers. Soon he yelled John come here. I walked over as fast as my arthritic knees would carry me and he said look at this. He pointed me to a sign that explained the Sassafras plant. The sign explained that he could create tea from the roots. I told him that I had drunk Sassafras tea as a child. Steven wanted to know what it tasted like. I told him it was kind of like root beer. So we had found more food. But the more important thing is that he was learning these concepts with no effort while having fun in a relaxed, enriching environment. He was deeply, intrinsically motivated to learn. He soon came up with the idea that you could actually make a meal from the forest.

Finally we made it to Rosebud Hill. We stood at the entrance to the peaceful farmstead looking at the log buildings. Steven walked first to a one room cabin. The cabin had a rope bed on one side and a table. Over the table was a hanging candle holder. There was a log stove that would have provided heat and a way to cook. The walls of the cabin were chinked with a mixture of mud and pine straw. I asked where did they get the materials to build this cabin? Steven thought about it for a moment then said well, duh, from the forest. "Exactly", I said, "that's another thing that has to exist for people to survive; building materials for shelter". We walked out of the cabin over to the fenced garden where we could see the rich soil. Various greens were growing along with other winter crops. Then on to the chicken yard, the pig pen, the outhouse and, finally, the main house of the farm which consisted of two rooms. The large room was the center of all the family life; eating, socializing, sleeping along with protection from the elements. The second room housed another rope bed for the parents of the family. After we examined all the features of the demonstration farm we walked behind the homestead to the Akokisa indian village.

As we walked through the village we talked about the need for people to trade with each other. We also talked about the need for people to establish mutually beneficial relationships to survive. Steven brought up the idea that the indians probably helped the settlers by teaching them ways to live in the forest. "True enough, I said, "and they also probably traded with them." Steven said "I bet that is another reason people settle somewhere." We sat down on a log. "Let's go over some things. What do we know now about why groups settle at a location?" Steven thought for a while then said "well they had to have food. They had to have material for shelter. They had to have somewhere to trade for things they wanted to use. But, don't they need water?" I said "well, let's see what they had for water." So we walked down a trail that led us to beautiful Spring Creek.

More pictures were taken along the way. When we got to the creek Steven realized another important reason for settling here. Not only was there water but he saw a pontoon boat in the creek. He said "they could travel on this couldn't they?". Without opening a book, hearing a lecture or doing a google search he had realized that there was a need for transportation. Looking at a map posted there we found that Spring Creek drains into the San Jacinto River. Then the San Jacinto River drains into the Gulf of Mexico where, at least hypothetically, the whole world could be reached from the Rose Bud Hill settlement.

Later that day after we arrived back at the house we sat down to debrief. "Ok, I asked, what can you say about why settlements are placed in particular locations?" Steven spent the next ten minutes telling me that there had to be natural resources to provide food and shelter. He talked about the need for adequate water. Another quality of an area he mentioned was easy transportation to other locations. And finally he talked about the ability to trade with other people. But that wasn't all he talked about. He mentioned having good soil to grow food. he told about the need for animal resources to provide clothing and meat. But then he surprised me a bit when he talked about the politics that had to work between the population of native people and the settlers. From there we talked about how relationships are established between groups of people. I found that I was able to motivate him to make a list of things to study as an extension of what he had learned. He wanted to do a study of the plant and animal biology of Jones Park. That evening I found him looking up more local indian populations on the computer.

A couple of weeks past. I walked past his table where he was working. As I passed I casually asked him "what kinds of things have to exist for a human settlement to exist". He thought for a minute then said "it's like Rosebud Hill. You have to have some food, some water, transportation, trade, materials to make shelter and you have to be able to get along with the other people who live there". The novelty of the way he was taught those concepts burned them into his brain with no effort.

Don't ever be afraid to abandon the books for the real world. Just get out there. Look around you. Everyone lives in a place where there were natural resources, trade opportunities, transportation to other places available and shelter when your city was established. Get out into your community with your kids. Show them your world and why people came to live there. Keep in mind that local historical demonstration parks are nothing less than time machines. They provide a lens directly to the lives of the original people who came to live in your world. They teach through direct contact with all the senses of a child. They show through true experiential learning why every city and community in the world exists. Get out there in the world. Rescue your kid from the four, square walls of a classroom. Move on to the future of learning. Take your child on a time machine to see why your present world exists. The whole world is waiting to teach your child.

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Check Out Crop Circles (Wooden Books Gift Book)

2011-06-12T12:45:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles (Wooden Books Gift Book) Review

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2011-06-09T15:39:00.001-07:00

Sedona: Journal of Emergence (July 1996) How Your Thought Affects Every Living Thing; Pull Down the Lightbody and Raise Your Frequency; Crop-Circle Update; Through Alien Eyes, Part Four; Empowering Your Imagination; Abraham Teachings: A Synopsis (Vol. 6, No. 7) Review

Sedona: Journal of Emergence (July 1996) How Your Thought Affects Every Living Thing; Pull Down the Lightbody and Raise Your Frequency; Crop-Circle Update; Through Alien Eyes, Part Four; Empowering Your Imagination; Abraham Teachings: A Synopsis (Vol. 6, No. 7) Overview

July 1996
PREDICTABLES
How Your Thought Affects Every Living Thing, YHWH/Arthur Fanning
Pull Down the Lightbody and Raise Your Frequency, Zoosh/Robert Shapiro
You Are Creating the Changes, Ramses/Brent Powell
Stop Fixing, and Be, Pretty Flower/E. Miriandra Rota
July Predictions, Peter and the Beings of Light/Ruth Ryden
ET CONNECTIONS
The 1995 Theme of Three, ilyes
Crop-Circle Update: The 1995 Formations, Cariel Quinly
Crop Circles: Symbols of Soul-Group Origins, Zoosh/Robert Shapiro
The Andover Meander/Rings Crop Circle, Fac-Thel Grouping/Gary LaVallee
Through Alien Eyes, Part Four, Wesley H. Bateman
Star Trek and the ET Assisted Transformation of Human Culture, Courtney Brown
Abduction: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Leah A. Haley
CHANNELING
Empowering Your Imagination, Lazaris/Jack Pursel
The Mystery of Love, Ramtha/ J.Z. Knight
Languages of Remembrance, Kantar-Ra Soul Circle/Lauren Brockway
Experimentation in the Polar Regions, Uolarll/Tuieta
Cliffhanger, Pleiadian Voices and the One Light/Hannah Beaconsfield
The Great Infusion, Archangel Michael/Ronna Herman
Abraham Teachings: A Synopsis, Jerry and Esther Hicks
Ingredients for a Happy Growth, Ch'aara/Francie Woodside
FEATURES
Dear Louise, Louise Hay
Memories through Time, Verna Yater
Ask the Swami, Swami Beyondananda
Daily Numbers, Alex Leonard
Messages from the Cosmic Maya, Aluna Joy Yaxk'in
Start Beams, Aloa Start
July Time Keeper, Yaxh'in/Leonard/Shere
Astrology for Soul Evolution, Barbara Shere
The Galactic Nature of the Mayan Calendar, Mary Fran Koppa
Cosmic Astrology, Scott Amun
Homeopathy: 21st Century Medicine, Eileen Nauman
Sound Currents, Shamael and Jonathan Goldman
POETRY
Evolution, Elizabeth Soto
Divinity, Lysalle
The Many Faces of God, Merry Battles
The Vanished Pleiad, Joyce Frazeur
Untitled, Raymond Wolf

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Round in Circles: Poltergeists, Pranksters, and the Secret History of the Cropwatchers Review

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2011-06-02T09:27:00.001-07:00

Alien and Extraterrestrial Dictionary Review

Alien and Extraterrestrial Dictionary Overview

Alien and Extraterrestrial Dictionary features an extensive dictionary for teminology used in relation to UFO's, Aliens, and related areas. This book also features the free bonus section “The History of Recorded UFO Occurrences”

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Check Out Ufos & Crop Circles (Marvels Mysteries)

2011-05-31T01:51:00.001-07:00

Ufos & Crop Circles (Marvels Mysteries) Review

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Check Out Signs On The Earth: Deciphering The Message Of Virgin Mary Apparitions, UFO Encounters, and Crop Circles for $1.13

2011-05-28T00:09:00.001-07:00

Signs On The Earth: Deciphering The Message Of Virgin Mary Apparitions, UFO Encounters, and Crop Circles Review

Signs On The Earth: Deciphering The Message Of Virgin Mary Apparitions, UFO Encounters, and Crop Circles Overview

Virgin Mary Apparitions. UFO Sightings. Crop Circles.

What do these have in common? Earth-energies expert Richard Leviton is convinced that these three seemingly distinct phenomena are all interconnected. And, he insists, the signs indicate something very real and very important is happening: weÂ’re fast approaching the end of the world as we know itÂ—and that might not be such a bad thing.

In Signs on the Earth, Leviton combines newspaper and firsthand accounts with his own intuitive research to examine the exploding number of such reports from around the world. He focuses his study by selecting a handful of Marian apparition sites, including Lourdes, Fatima, Medjugorje, and others, as well as UFO hot spots such as CaliforniaÂ’s Topanga Canyon and the Hudson River Valley. For his investigation of the crop circle phenomenon, Leviton takes you Wiltshire, England, an area he calls the crop circle mecca.

Encouraging you to think of the Earth as a cosmic bulletin board, Leviton believes that these phenomena are messages from the galaxy and the spiritual worlds offering us an unprecedented opportunity to enter the next level of reality. Signs on the Earth shows that these signs are literally directions to a 3-step process for looking within as well as beyond yourself, and unlocking your vast spiritual potential.

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Check Out The Skeptic, Volume 8 Number 1: Crop Circles : The full Story

2011-05-25T14:00:00.001-07:00

The Skeptic, Volume 8 Number 1: Crop Circles : The full Story Review

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2011-05-23T04:57:00.001-07:00

Introduction to Crop Circles (Wessex Series) Review

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2011-05-20T20:42:00.001-07:00

Circles of Dreams: A Mandala Coloring Book (Volume 1) Review

Circles of Dreams: A Mandala Coloring Book (Volume 1) Overview

A unique coloring book created more for adults than children, ideal for the meditative practice of mandalas, includes complete table of contents and index, as well as supplemental educational information and related images and maps.

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2011-05-18T12:21:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles, Ufos and Music: The Diatonic Scale Discovered in Crop Circles, Ufo Notes Heard, Ancient Ratio Uncovered Review

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Check Out Crop Circles Deciphered

2011-05-16T03:33:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Deciphered Review

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2011-05-13T16:45:00.001-07:00

Signs On The Earth: Deciphering The Message Of Virgin Mary Apparitions, UFO Encounters, and Crop Circles Review

Signs On The Earth: Deciphering The Message Of Virgin Mary Apparitions, UFO Encounters, and Crop Circles Feature

ISBN13: 9781571742469
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Signs On The Earth: Deciphering The Message Of Virgin Mary Apparitions, UFO Encounters, and Crop Circles Overview

Virgin Mary Apparitions. UFO Sightings. Crop Circles.

What do these have in common? Earth-energies expert Richard Leviton is convinced that these three seemingly distinct phenomena are all interconnected. And, he insists, the signs indicate something very real and very important is happening: we’re fast approaching the end of the world as we know it—and that might not be such a bad thing.

In Signs on the Earth, Leviton combines newspaper and firsthand accounts with his own intuitive research to examine the exploding number of such reports from around the world. He focuses his study by selecting a handful of Marian apparition sites, including Lourdes, Fatima, Medjugorje, and others, as well as UFO hot spots such as California’s Topanga Canyon and the Hudson River Valley. For his investigation of the crop circle phenomenon, Leviton takes you Wiltshire, England, an area he calls the crop circle mecca.

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Check Out Crop Circles for $9.00

2011-05-11T08:15:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

Orin Kappreal investigates crop circles and reports his findings to the office of national security for the President of the United States. He doesn’t think he believes in aliens, but he does believe in crop circles – and he is very aware that the legitimate ones are not manmade. On a new assignment to investigate some circles that have shown up in Kansas, he is saddled with a reporter for the Planetary Gazette, a monthly magazine based in Denver, Colorado. And he has no choice in the matter. It doesn’t really bother him, but he’d prefer to have total freedom of movement. Aubrey Castlewood has to go to Kansas to tag along with some botanist who investigates crop circles. She’s always been curious, but isn’t sure she believes. Be that as it may, she has her assignment and she’s a professional. When she arrives at the farm where the latest circles are located, everything seems to start out in a more or less normal fashion. The farmer is a nice man. The country is beautiful. And then a helicopter arrives, bearing the botanist she’s to tag along with. And from that moment on, the unexpected takes over, creating new and interesting patterns over the landscape of their lives.

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Check Out Land Art: Crop Circle, Robert Smithson, Vintondale, Pennsylvania, Patricia Johanson, Nancy Holt, Andy Goldsworthy, Tetsuo Harada

2011-05-09T00:36:00.001-07:00

Land Art: Crop Circle, Robert Smithson, Vintondale, Pennsylvania, Patricia Johanson, Nancy Holt, Andy Goldsworthy, Tetsuo Harada Review

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2011-05-06T15:33:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

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2011-05-04T05:18:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: Signs, Wonders and Mysteries Review

Crop Circles: Signs, Wonders and Mysteries Feature

ISBN13: 9780785820697
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2011-05-01T20:48:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: The Greatest Mystery of Modern Times Review

Crop Circles: The Greatest Mystery of Modern Times Overview

In this extraordinary study, Lucy Pringle brings together her stunning aerial photographs with her many years of intensive research investigating a phenomenon which continues to baffle scientists throughout the world.

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Check Out CROP CIRCLES AND CLIMATE CHANGE for $13.35

2011-04-29T11:18:00.001-07:00

CROP CIRCLES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Review

CROP CIRCLES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Overview

Of all of the arguments ever given by science regarding faith and religion that it is really nothing more than conjecture and it would be that God can't be observed to exist. Looking at the topic of climate change and what we are presented with is something altogether different. For according to the bible it makes no bones about the fact that when it comes to the weather and it is Almighty God who is ultimately responsible for it all. Industrial pollution, however it may aggravate the environment in which we live, is not the real reason behind what is happening. Rather it has got everything to do with another kind of pollution that the bible calls SIN. This is what is really happening to our weather and by all appearances {these crop circles now} and it is reaching a place wherein like Noah's generation could have some serious implications for our own. Jerry Lesac is a cook by trade and a layman in the church. Considered by many to have the gift of a prophet he comes to the bible with a unique perspective born not out of any formal education but rather taught by God. In fact if there was one scripture that could possibly sum up this man's life it would have to be what St. Paul said to young Timothy; "Do not neglect your gift, which was given you through a prophetic message." {1Tim. 4:14} That and perhaps what St. John said as well; "As for you, the anointing you received from Him remains in you, and you do not need anyone to teach you. But as His anointing teaches you about all things and as that anointing is real, not counterfeit -just as it has taught you remain in Him." {1 John 2:27}

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Check Out Crop Circles: A Vocabulary of the Symbols for $18.95

2011-04-27T02:45:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: A Vocabulary of the Symbols Review

Crop Circles: A Vocabulary of the Symbols Overview

Discovery of deciphering method of crop formations is described -- they use ancient Sumerian symbols which identify who make the crop circles and where these makers are from, namely the Anunnaki from Nibiru, 10th planet of the solar system (2 NASA 1987 Press Releases are included which announce detection of a 10th planet).

This book includes excerpts from 8 other crop circle deciphering books by the author, and shows that crop circles, UFOs and the Mars Cydonia structures have ONE source, namely those from Nibiru (named individually using the author's crop circle mandala design decoding method).

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Check Out Invasion: UFOs, Ets, and Crop Circle Warnings

2011-04-24T18:54:00.001-07:00

Invasion: UFOs, Ets, and Crop Circle Warnings Review

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Check Out My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) for $1.94

2011-04-22T09:12:00.001-07:00

My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) Review

My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) Feature

ISBN13: 9781604330618
Condition: New
Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!

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2011-04-20T01:21:00.001-07:00

Alchemy of Nine Dimensions: Decoding the Vertical Axis, Crop Circles, and the Mayan Calendar [ALCHEMY OF 9 DIMENSIONS] Review

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Alchemy of Nine Dimensions: Decoding the Vertical Axis, Crop Circles, and the Mayan Calendar [ALCHEMY OF 9 DIMENSIONS] Review

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2011-04-15T08:45:00.001-07:00

CROP CIRCLES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Review

CROP CIRCLES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Overview

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Check Out Crop Circle Language: The Crop Circle Mystery Explained--the Pictograms' Symbolic Language Decoded, Translated and Interpreted

2011-04-12T19:00:00.001-07:00

Crop Circle Language: The Crop Circle Mystery Explained--the Pictograms' Symbolic Language Decoded, Translated and Interpreted Review

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Check Out The Skeptic, Volume 8 Number 1: Crop Circles : The full Story

2011-04-10T11:15:00.001-07:00

The Skeptic, Volume 8 Number 1: Crop Circles : The full Story Review

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Check Out Crop Circles: Unlocked for $10.17

2011-04-08T03:39:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: Unlocked Review

Crop Circles: Unlocked Overview

Crop circles appear all around the world, but nowhere more than in the United Kingdom. Both mysterious and amazing the crop patterns have mystified and baffled researchers and the general public for hundreds of years.New for the first time you will read the results of amazing research and analysis as you are taken through some amazing facts and connections to both ancient sites, sacred geometric influence and possibly the most remarkable discovery yet of hidden knowledge with geometric shape.From hidden keys to amazing clean energy principles like vortex technology to new architectural shapes and design, the discoveries are profound enough to change the way we think about our world.

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Check Out Haunted Spaces, Sacred Places: A Field Guide to Stone Circles, Crop Circles, Ancient Tombs, and Supernatural Landscapes for $8.41

2011-04-05T15:54:00.001-07:00

Haunted Spaces, Sacred Places: A Field Guide to Stone Circles, Crop Circles, Ancient Tombs, and Supernatural Landscapes Review

Haunted Spaces, Sacred Places: A Field Guide to Stone Circles, Crop Circles, Ancient Tombs, and Supernatural Landscapes Overview

Haunted Spaces, Sacred Places is a fascinating and thoroughly researched exploration of the archaeology, legends, and modern mysteries of 32 ancient places throughout the world--from the mysterious megaliths of Britain and Ireland, the haunted tombs of the Etruscans, and the Pagan origins of Germany's Aachen Cathedral to the ancient Native American city of Cahokia, the enigmatic Cambodian Temple of Angkor Wat, and the sacred Aboriginal rock formation of Uluru.

Why are strange phenomena so often connected with these ancient sites? Are certain sacred places somehow able to generate or attract paranormal phenomena? Or can such events be explained in terms of modern myth and contemporary folklore? What can the legends and folklore of ancient places throughout the world reveal to us about the beliefs and ideas of our ancient ancestors? These are just some of the questions answered in Brian Haughton's enthralling new book.

In Haunted Spaces, Sacred Places you will discover:

* The relationship between ancient Native American sites and unexplained phenomena in Colorado's San Luis Valley.

* The truth behind the legends of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in China, home of the Terracotta Warriors.

* The legendary history of ancient sites such as Stonehenge, Chartres Cathedral, Delphi, Cuzco, and the Ohio Serpent Mound.

* The prevalence of modern encounters with ghosts, UFOs, spooklights, Bigfoot, and phantom dogs at ancient sacred places.

With more than 25 photographs and illustrations, this is the ideal reference work for those interested in the connections between ancient places, folklore, and unexplained phenomena.

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2011-04-03T06:12:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

A short horror story about a man who loses his way in the country and comes across some strange goings-on.

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Check Out Crop Circles: Mystery & Conspiracy

2011-03-31T22:00:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: Mystery & Conspiracy Review

Crop Circles: Mystery & Conspiracy Overview

Learn about the mystery of Crop Circles with iMinds insightful knowledge series.

Crop circles are geometric patterns found in agricultural fields, most often in Southern England. They consist of flattened plant stems lying in regular patterns, some of which are highly complex. Crop circles usually appear in fields of wheat, barley, canola and other common crops. Circles have also been known to appear in grass, sand and ice. Because of their size - hundreds of feet across - crop circles can only be truly appreciated from the air. There are at least 10,000 reported instances of crop circles to date.

iMinds brings targeted knowledge to your eReading device with short information segments to whet your mental appetite and broaden your mind.

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2011-03-29T13:57:00.001-07:00

The Sphinx and Mars Face Identified: Crop Circle Analysis Leads to New Findings Review

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Check Out Crop Circle Wisdom: Simple Teachings from the Circlemakers for $14.99

2011-03-27T05:36:00.001-07:00

Crop Circle Wisdom: Simple Teachings from the Circlemakers Review

Crop Circle Wisdom: Simple Teachings from the Circlemakers Overview

In 1993, when lunar images began noticeably appearing as Crop Circles in the countryside of England, Hopi elders interpreted their appearance as a fulfillment of prophecy regarding the Earth's transition into her fifth cycle.

*****

In Crop Circle Wisdom: Simple Teachings from the CircleMakers, Denni Clarke presents us with the enigmatic, visually and emotionally stirring, panorama of beauty, strength, and enlightenment found to emanate from the Crop Circles through her breath-taking photographs and gifted insight as to the wisdom contained within. This inspirational little hardback, full photography book offers interesting and practical insight into the power inherent within the Crop Circles.

The Crop Circles possess the ability to change lives, and are truly transformational. The CircleMakers offer us a multitude of opportunities for personal growth, consciousness exploration, and help with our Spiritual evolution during our physical experiences here on Earth, as we open to them and accept their invitation to access Higher truth and knowledge on a higher level of consciousness.

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Check Out My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) for $0.99

2011-03-24T21:54:00.001-07:00

My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) Review

My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) Feature

ISBN13: 9781604330618
Condition: New
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2011-03-23T10:15:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: A Mystery Solved Review

Crop Circles: A Mystery Solved Overview

This is a study of the phenomenon of crop circles, discussing whether they might be caused by UFOs. Jenny Randles is Britain's only professional ufologist and the author of several books, including Beyond Explanation? and Abduction. Paul Fuller is a member of the British UFO Research Association.

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2011-03-22T13:39:00.001-07:00

Sedona: Journal of Emergence (July 1996) How Your Thought Affects Every Living Thing; Pull Down the Lightbody and Raise Your Frequency; Crop-Circle Update; Through Alien Eyes, Part Four; Empowering Your Imagination; Abraham Teachings: A Synopsis (Vol. 6, No. 7) Review

Sedona: Journal of Emergence (July 1996) How Your Thought Affects Every Living Thing; Pull Down the Lightbody and Raise Your Frequency; Crop-Circle Update; Through Alien Eyes, Part Four; Empowering Your Imagination; Abraham Teachings: A Synopsis (Vol. 6, No. 7) Overview

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Check Out The Tao of the Circles: Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching Adapted for a New Visions for $13.90

2011-03-20T21:51:00.001-07:00

The Tao of the Circles: Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching Adapted for a New Visions Review

The Tao of the Circles: Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching Adapted for a New Visions Overview

The Tao of the Circles affords the reader an intimate, sensitive and spiritual insight into the enigma described as the crop circle phenomenon. Design, which is the handmaiden of the Tao, is the principle vehicle used to present the mystery of the crop circles to our awareness.

As humans, we naturally create, react, and respond to life symbolically. These are the designs which guide us in our long journey. And so it is with the crop circles -- they are multidimensional designs resonating the qualities of a force whose impressions are made manifest upon the life-sustaining qualities of a force whose impressions are made manifest upon the life sustaining fields of our planet. These designs appear to be the expressions of an unknown source directing our consciousness towards an unknown origin -- the Tao.

The Tao of the Circles uses patterns of design to introduce us to the majuesty hidden within the dynamics of meaning and purpose: the known and the unknown. Each formation is a design giving expression to a quality of the Tao whether it be hoaxed or unhoaxed. The crop circles naturally move us, impressing upon our consciousness the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual power of the Tao. The Tao of the Circles gallantly brings to our awareness all the we know and all the we do not know by design.

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Check Out Crop Circles and Mining: Gold and the Returning Ancient Rulers

2011-03-20T03:39:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles and Mining: Gold and the Returning Ancient Rulers Review

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2011-03-18T11:52:00.001-07:00

The Gift : The Crop Circles Deciphered Review

The Gift : The Crop Circles Deciphered Overview

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2011-03-17T18:33:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

Crop circles: how, why, when, who? With the zeal of an investigative reporter, Montigiani presents an illustrated history of the crop circle phenomena, from the first documented account of a "mowing devil" in Hertfordshire in 1678, to the present day. The ever-complex and increasingly huge designs - appearing mostly overnight - are documented and illustrated in this survey which presents the facts and allows the reader to determine who, or what, creates or causes these amazing forms.

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2011-03-16T03:39:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: Art in the Landscape Review

Crop Circles: Art in the Landscape Feature

ISBN13: 9780711230927
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Crop Circles: Art in the Landscape Overview

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Crop circles of Anunnaki from Nibiru-- Egyptian gods returning Review

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2011-03-13T08:39:00.001-07:00

Crop Circles: Unlocked Review

Crop Circles: Unlocked Overview

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2011-03-13T01:39:00.001-08:00

Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax Review

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2011-03-10T21:54:00.001-08:00

Crop Circles: Signs, Wonders and Mysteries Review

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Ufo-Related Events: Government Responses to Ufos, Ufo Crashes, Ufo Hoaxes, Ufo Sightings, Men in Black, Crop Circle, Majestic 12, Stephenville Review

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2011-03-08T05:36:00.001-08:00

The Field Guide: The Art, History & Philosophy of Crop Circle Making Review

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Check Out The Mystery of Crop Circles (Can Science Solve?) for $6.96

2011-03-05T21:09:00.001-08:00

The Mystery of Crop Circles (Can Science Solve?) Review

The Mystery of Crop Circles (Can Science Solve?) Feature

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The Mystery of Crop Circles (Can Science Solve?) Overview

The books that make up the "Can Science Solve?'" series explain scientific techniques, how they are used to explain phenomena and in each volume a famous mystery is described. The evidence is presented for and against and the reader is left to decide.

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2011-03-03T12:06:00.001-08:00

Mysterious Crop Circles (US) (Footprint, Reading Library Level 5) Review

Mysterious Crop Circles (US) (Footprint, Reading Library Level 5) Overview

Several strange signs called 'crop circles' have been discovered in the fields of southern England. These mysterious circles are puzzling to everyone, even scientists. There are several theories about who-or what-made them. Could it be humans who did it? Or could it be something else...

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Check Out The Mystery of the Crop Circles: 1900 Headwords (Footprint Reading Library)

2011-03-01T02:03:00.001-08:00

The Mystery of the Crop Circles: 1900 Headwords (Footprint Reading Library) Review

The Mystery of the Crop Circles: 1900 Headwords (Footprint Reading Library) Overview

"The Footprint Reading Library" is the first non-fiction reading series for English language learners to present real-world stories in print, audio, and video. This series offers fascinating stories and facts from across the planet, and develops the language and skills needed to understand non-fiction writing. It offers a rich selection of engaging non-fiction, grouped into five themes: Incredible Animals, Fascinating Places, Remarkable People, Exciting Activities, and Amazing Science. One hundred individual readers are graded into eight levels - from Pre-Intermediate to Advanced. It ranges from 800 to 3,000 headwords.

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2011-02-26T18:03:00.001-08:00

Cosmic Connections: Worldwide Crop Formations and Et Contacts Review

Cosmic Connections: Worldwide Crop Formations and Et Contacts Overview

This volume contains a collection of pictorams, geometric patterns and complex mathematical constructions found in fields in Britain, Siberia, the Argentine and Saskatechwan. The author points to the well-documented accounts of UFOs being observed around the same time and in the same location as crop circle events. He reveals the results of laboratory experiments which have shown the presence of radioactivity in siol samples and definite chemical changes in the stalks of crops taken after the appearance of the strange markings. The book also includes many eye-witness accounts.; This book links together two mysterious phenomena of modern times - UFOs and crop circles - reckons the evidence adds up to the fact that extraterrestrials are involved in crop circles. They are using the extraordinary patterns to send messages of their existence to planet Earth.; No wonder governments have been so keen to support the hoaxers and hush up the reality of the cosmic connection.

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Check Out Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax for $12.15

2011-02-24T10:15:00.001-08:00

Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax Review

Vital Signs: A Complete Guide to the Crop Circle Mystery and Why It is Not a Hoax Overview

Crop circles, those beautiful and complex patterns that are visible from the air in fields around the world, have long fascinated the public, media, and scientific community. Vital Signs is a comprehensive guide for newcomers to these puzzling patterns and an essential history for those who are already intrigued. Illustrated with hundreds of full-color and black-and-white photos, this chronological and photographic history is an accessible discussion of the various crop circle theories, physical and statistical evidence, and the surprising effects these formations have had on observers and researchers. A major feature film on the crop circle phenomenon, Signs, starring Mel Gibson and Joaquin Phoenix is scheduled to open in fall of 2002.

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Check Out An Introduction to Crop Circles (Wessex Series)

2011-02-22T02:24:00.001-08:00

An Introduction to Crop Circles (Wessex Series) Review

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Check Out Crop Circle Babies!: Geometry for Newborns for $7.99

2011-02-19T18:39:00.001-08:00

Crop Circle Babies!: Geometry for Newborns Review

Crop Circle Babies!: Geometry for Newborns Overview

Crop Circle Babies! contains playful text with black and white illustrations derived from actual crop circles. The illustrations provide an introduction to complex shapes and abstraction. Stimulate your baby's intellect before he or she is able to see in color.

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2011-02-15T09:30:00.001-08:00

The Cover-Up Exposed, 1973-1991 (UFOs and the National Security State, Vol. 2) Review

The Cover-Up Exposed, 1973-1991 (UFOs and the National Security State, Vol. 2) Feature

For autographed copies go only to Keyhole Publishing at http://keyholepublishing.com.

The Cover-Up Exposed, 1973-1991 (UFOs and the National Security State, Vol. 2) Overview

This is the 2nd volume in Richard Dolan's series, "UFOs and the National Security State," which covers the UFO phenomenon from the 1940s to the present day. Volume 2, "The Cover-Up Exposed, 1973-1991," analyzes the UFO sightings, politics, and research that occurred during the last two decades of the cold war.Working from archival sources, professional journals, and his own investigations, Dolan describes UFO encounters worldwide, demonstrating that the phenomenon is global, and the result of advanced technology.Many cases involved sensitive military airspace. These include intrusions over U.S. air bases; attempts to intercept a UFO over Tehran; the landing of an unknown object near two airbases in Britain; large boomerang-shaped craft near New York City; unexplained triangular craft seen throughout the U.S. and Europe; strange objects in Earth orbit seen by Soviet and American astronauts; and encounters with UFOs from around the world. Dolan also studies "UFO politics," describes the black-budget connection, and provides a geopolitical analysis to explain the whys and hows of UFO secrecy. Finally, he provides a history of UFO research. He recreates the discussions and debates concerning alien abductions, animal mutilations, intelligence community infiltration into UFO research, the controversial MJ-12 documents, the Gulf Breeze controversy, reverse engineering of alien technology, crop circles, and more. Dolan also studies the effect of such new technologies as the Internet on UFO research.This is a complete history of the phenomenon, the secrecy, and the response by researchers who sought to understand the mystery. Behind it all is the backdrop of a world in technological, economic, and political transformation. This book takes the reader through a turning point in the history of the UFO phenomenon, as well as the history of the modern world.For autographed copies, go directly to http://keyholepublishing.com

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2011-02-12T11:21:00.001-08:00

The Language of Crop Circles Review

The Language of Crop Circles Overview

The cosmic meaning of 70 crop circles in Holland, North America, England and other European countries, ending with 4 circles summer 2005. The circles contain formulas which address problems on earth.

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2011-02-10T00:18:00.001-08:00

Crop Circles Review

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2011-02-07T13:12:00.001-08:00

Mysterious Lights and Crop Circles Review

Mysterious Lights and Crop Circles Overview

Linda Moulton Howe shares and analyzes her research findings surrounding accounts of crop circles, accompanied by lights and crackling sounds over the past 2 years. Linda interviews a biophysicist, a mathematician, a geologist, and other researchers to determine the authenticity of these accounts and whether these crop circles are a 3-dimensional language related to fractional math, geometrics, the Hebrew Kabala, or other symbolic mysteries, and what they could mean.

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Crop Circles: Signs of Contact Review

Crop Circles: Signs of Contact Overview

What are crop circles and what do they mean? Who-or what-is responsible for the thousands of complex patterns found in cereal crops all over the world? Are they made by aliens or Government satellites? Are they screams from a dying planet? Are we in danger, and are crop circles some kind of warning signal? Colin Andrews, author of the first book about the crop circle phenomenon, brings the world up to date with his many years of research into this fascinating subject. He takes you on a mysterious and informative ride into the world of the crop circle phenomenon, providing an overview and setting the record straight about the nature of crop circles, their origin, and their meaning. He and Stephen J. Spignesi, explore the many theories of crop circle formation, describe Colin's first experience with crop circles and how this led him into his life's work.

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2011-02-02T08:15:00.001-08:00

Crop Circle Babies!: Geometry for Newborns Review

Crop Circle Babies!: Geometry for Newborns Overview

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2011-01-31T00:33:00.001-08:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

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The fight with Dogwood Decline and what you can do about it

2011-01-28T16:45:00.001-08:00

For some time we have seen drastic changes in the susceptibility of the town (Cornus florida) Dogwood species in many areas where dogwood trees once dominated the rural and urban communities. Due to various indicators such as pollution, viral diseases and other cultural changes, such as over-planting, a common fire dogwood steady decline in many areas where once stood as the focal point in many landscapes and gardens.

Areas such asNortheastern United States, such as the Merritt Parkway in New York, where he was Dogwoods rows of magnificent beauty 'a great show of spring flowers, sweeping the eye of many travelers in the city.

Today, most of these beautiful trees, but once past all the scenic highway due to disease and pollution that were once controlled by the standard practices of pest control. Since then, all the viruses, but the ability to destroy theseplant to survive under normal conditions.

There are many control measures to prevent a practice, this rapid death of plants, however, the battle seems to intensify over time passes.

Here is a brief example of what happens around the North East in particular (credit to the Natural Resources Conservation Service)

Threatened and endangered information:
Cornus florida.

This plant is listed by the U.S. government or a state.Common names are from state and lists.

Maine:
Endangered Flowering Dogwood
New York:
Flowering Dogwood & Exploited Vulnerable
Vermont:
Flowering dogwood threatened

So that brings us to a logical solution to prevent loss of our trees in bloom, but with a great show of spring flowers, which for years have created amazing memories of spring colors.

We now have an alternative to the standard to replace them in our DogwoodLandscapes with a tree relative who is a perfect alternative to standard Cornus florida. Arrives in Cornus Kousa, commonly called Korean or Kousa dogwood dogwood.

This beautiful plant with the right reply to the standard, with many advantages over the previous year.

The Kousa dogwood is available in several versions, some of which offer features far more spectacular as the once common species.

The Kousa, flowers a little 'cousin and the later isFlower Show takes much longer, sometimes up to a month to a month and a half, even in early summer.

The Kousa is for the most part, disease and pest resistant and is much stronger and just as picturesque as Cornus florida.

This is only a brief overview of the many benefits of this tree provides a solution to a problem that took a toll on tree species, once beautiful. For more information, so that Google Cornus Kousa and read so much more completeDescription of the structure and its many varieties available, consumers, and I think you will find decent alternative when looking for a dogwood great for your garden.

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Check Out Crop Circles for $9.00

2011-01-26T09:09:00.001-08:00

Crop Circles Review

Crop Circles Overview

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Check Out Crop circles of Anunnaki from Nibiru-- Egyptian gods returning

2011-01-24T01:27:00.001-08:00

Crop circles of Anunnaki from Nibiru-- Egyptian gods returning Review

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Check Out Round in Circles: Poltergeists, Pranksters, and the Secret History of the Cropwatchers for $11.98

2011-01-21T17:41:00.001-08:00

Round in Circles: Poltergeists, Pranksters, and the Secret History of the Cropwatchers Review

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The story of Sebewaing, Michigan Sugar Factory

2011-01-18T01:46:00.001-08:00

One of the men intended to join the ranks of the sugar barons pioneer of Michigan was to compare John C.. He was almost 70 years when he fought the idea, and already rich beyond the dreams he had probably, as has carved staves for the life of a penniless immigrant in New York more than fifty years earlier. Until 1900 he ran a big business in a small town, which he described as the father of the city, because his company has launched a new job, the people of the city.

Its annualSales in the years before 1900, in modern terms, equivalent to approximately $ 7,500,000. In a combination of companies, workers two hundred people who run four sawmills, first employed in the manufacture of staves, which he sent many in Germany, two mills, a large retail store for hardware, dry goods, food medicines in 1884 and has nine employees.

Compare companies were situated in a small town in Michigan "Thumb". The city was Sebewaing, asmall collection of rustic homes on the east bank of the Saginaw Bay about 25 miles northeast of Bay City. Its inhabitants were farm laborers who worked in one of the Liken institution or one of the nearby farms or caught in the Great Saginaw Bay, the shores lapped a few steps from the city.

Sebewaing takes its name from the Chippewa word for Crooked Creek and some of his wealth from the rich fishing in the bay. Not long before the 19th Centurywent to the end, fell forests near the fast-axis to make room for German settlers, set up two plants operations to quickly remove the logs and planting.

Compare, native arrived in Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany Wallburg Kunkel, the woman who would become his wife, Binghamton, New York. He was a native of Bavaria, and was known as a nun canonized who traveled from Germany to England for good in 748 plants. San Wallburg was the patron saint of plaguesFamine and a host of other complaints, including dog bites. John Liken had arrived in Binghamton, after working for its passage on board a sailing ship.

After the birth of her fourth child, Emma, in 1864, who joined his brothers, Mary, born 1856, Hannah was born in 1858, and Charles, born in 1859, took John and Walburga family Sebewaing, a settlement was Lutheran, attracts fishermen, farmers and loggers. The city's population was on his arrival in 1865 is not sufficient todeclare it a village, but with the arrival of John Liken was that to change. He established a sawmill, where slats. Later he would Develop retail stores, a dairy, silos, ships, taking part in a person a source of all goods and services by the local agricultural community is needed. The cream and cultures, he put on boats and sent some thirty miles along the coast of the bay of Saginaw Bay City, a vibrant and growing, in which the daily demandFood grown rapidly growing population with its. In this context, marine, who was supposed to meet Captain Benjamin Boutell Boutell owners and was the master, he information on options for sugar.

The village grew into a village and resort town folk began to think of as the father Liken city. Having had two daughters and a son in the community, as his father were all good shape, good health and good spirits, was not unexpected thatCompare begun in substantial additions to the population. Mary took for a man, Richard Martini and a few years later, Hannah was a young Christian Bach, turning her head (In more recent times, the second Christian name, Fred as his baptismal name of personal taste. It is written in the Chronicles Michigan Sugar by Daniel Gutleben as CF Bach.) Charles and his wife, Elizabeth to include in the management of the business community of his father.

John had left his LikenOldenburg home at the age of eighteen, after completing a four-year apprenticeship in the trade of barrels. Would sugar beet with known experience and certainly should have known that the men had enjoyed from his home some success with them in Michigan's Bay County, where three plants were then in operation and another was in progress, and yet another was under construction in Saginaw.

A total of eleven factories would soon pour sugar beet andGains in the cities of Michigan, if you thought that the dust created by the railways and others who would profit from the construction of factories. The excitement was moving, farmers and investors on the state poured in Sebewaing. Catholics saw no need to get more support from the usual methods, allows the city to call meetings of editors of local newspapers to recruit, hire bands and men in front of the peasants. It was the need for a beet sugar factory, and since a good part of the trustlocal wealth in its coffers lived, he saw no need to persuade others to join the cause. The Likens had enough money to build a factory.

He formed an ad hock committee, composed by his son, Charles, Henry Richard Martini, the husband of his daughter Hannah, the daughter of Mary and her husband, Christian Frederik Bach. All three had important positions in society for many years, instead of Liken and all were in their late 30s, so full of experience. Moreover, the threelived side by side on Center Street in Sebewaing with Martini at number 69, next door to Charles 68, and Bach at number 67, the trio was able to summon at will and without formality. If he and his committee approved the idea, the project would have proceeded without the usual sale of shares to members of the community. He does not need a great deal of research on the role of the committee. They had plenty of arable land available. The family controlled Liken thousand hectares ofown account, among others, eliminating the need for sugar beet by a railroad, a factory on the shore of Lake Huron to give away. They had the financial capacity.

John C. has been generous. Every one of his daughters and son enjoyed a full-time staff well in their homes and each was enough to invest in new sugar company on their own, and each had demonstrated capacity to manage for a long period of time. They had all the attributes the success to the new demandsother than a industry ... Experience in the production of beet sugar. News of the activity in the Liken leaked into the community as a whole and inspired to plant some beet growers, but a finished work almost two years into the future. Beets, if ready for the market have been delivered to Bay City for processing.

Thinking about adding the missing ingredient for an otherwise perfect equation for success, called on John Benjamin Boutell Liken and some of his trusted friends to join in the projects. AsResult in a short time Liken learned firsthand how the camel's nose under the tent were fabulous. Boutell no doubt pleased that his know-how in demand that her money was quickly sailors and wealth of experience. Among them was John Ross, soon to be Treasurer of the German-American Sugar Company, the last of the four sugar beet factories in Bay County to be built. Then came lumberjack Fred Woodworth, William Smalley, William Penoy, and a shipOwner of William Sharp. When men reported the likes of Ben Boutell Penoy and interest, has opened its doors, more men of wealth for a stake in the new company made noise. A pair of S. Saginaw Lawyers Watts Humphrey and Thomas Harvey came on board and George B. Morley, a merchant banker and corn legendary. Rasmus Hansen, a woodcutter full of grayling and later President of the German-American Sugar Company, purchased, as well as William H. Wallace, a quarry operator nearBay Port.

Liken attract investors suddenly from Saginaw and Bay City, produced two distinct groups that influence the groups could be described as two separate. Boutell investor group consists of Bay County, Woodworth, Ross, Smalley, Sharp and Penoy. Morley George circle included James MacPherson, Humphrey, and William H. Harvey Wallace, all residents of Saginaw, although Wallace was born near Port Hope and had a long-termThe residents of Bay Harbour, a village 13 miles north-east coast of snugging Sebewaing. In the wings was Ezra Rust, Saginaw, a wealthy resident, had won a fortune in the lumber industry. While all investors Bay County had the interests of the timber, the group had only background Saginaw lumber MacPherson. The two parties are involved in this sport in the fight against the fire, once the new company started.

Representative of what amounts to three different groups, Boutell Bay CityContingent, gathered for Saginaw's Morley Group, and John Liken family in Watts Humphrey's Saginaw office in July 1901 to take the matter of organization. Humphrey fame would not come from the processing of sugar beet, but the fact that his son 12 years, George M. Humphrey, to one day achieve stature as Treasury Secretary under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, served between 1953 and 1957th

Wasting no time, the organizers had on hand, four representatives ofConstruction companies, specializing in the construction of factories processing sugar beet. Were Fuehrman & Hapke, EH Dyer, Kilby manufacturing and construction Oxnard. It was expected that once the shares were to be allocated to the participants of a contract with one of four bidders. For Benjamin Boutell and his group in Bay City, there was only one rule to them, and that one of the Kilby Manufacturing for $ 900,000 was. The price cut was a heavy $ 1,500 per ton of beetsPossibility of nearly $ 850 per tonne price of the plant in Essexville and almost $ 600 more per tonne than double the price for German-American Sugar Company factory, which is currently under construction. Oxnard offering little more than $ 1,800 per tonne (including, as usual, a process Steffens) and Dyer were next to the lowest bid of $ 1,416 per tonne, with the addition of $ 1,320 Fuehrman & Hapke per tonne for a total price of $ 792,000 gate.

The first order of business calledthe election of officers and directors, usually a quiet affair, when the founders knew each other and the collection in the office Humphrey. Representatives from each of the three main groups of shareholders supported positions. Bay City Forestry WC Penoy was given the presidency and Sebewaing Christian Bach took the vice-presidency and the group of Saginaw has seen Thomas Harvey and William Baker was secretary and treasurer seats. William Wallace and Benjamin Boutellthe Executive Board. At the top of the agenda was the issue of the decision to tender for the construction work, would, as usual, complete turnkey operation. This is when the temporary alliance between Bay City, Huron County, Saginaw County investors and broken.

Boutell crowd, said the low bid did not make any difference, they would simply accept the by Kilby. For the group of Saginaw, this is equivalent to drawing a line in the sand. Youfirmly believed in the award of the contract to the lowest bidder. As a result, representatives from Saginaw-Sebewaing who controlled three of the official position ignores the fact that Boutell and his friends controlled 45 percent of the company, and a member of their team just won the Presidency, has given its Fuehrman & Hapke. Businesses and ports Boutell backdown by the suggestion that someone other than Kilby was a factory in which they had invested to build their camp canceledSubscriptions resigned their positions and retired from the Board of Directors.

When the dust settled, were Boutell and his co-investors and the contingent Saginaw held the majority stake of 55 percent between Morley and control families divided Rust. The family of Ezra Rust Rust led would have left traces in the city of Saginaw, in the form of an urban park and a major thoroughfare with their name. Ezra's confidence in sugar content may have been a periodHe worked as an engineer in a factory of Cuban sugar during his youth. Morley has 5,000 shares in his name, while the various members of the Rust family has 4,000 shares. Relatives and friends of John Liken instead of 45 percent.

The sudden withdrawal of investor Bay City requested a second choice. The presidency went to Thomas Harvey. John Liken son-in-law, Christian Bach, the vice president has maintained the place and a seat at the table of the Director. Liken son, Charles, took aAppointment of Treasurer, but not to win a seat on the Council. William F. Schmitt, a small shareholder and Christian Bach's sister, Emma's lover, was secretary. Over time and after having tried with fire, it would demonstrate that its development as a whole should not have his art to his relationship with the Bach family. In 1906 he took over the management of Sebewaing factory which then led for six years before leaving the company for a management position with Continental Sugar Company. Directors,In addition to Harvey, and Christian Bach, including William H. Wallace, Watts Humphrey, George Morley, James MacPherson, Benjamin Boutell replaced, and Richard Martini.

The contractor appointed to build the factory, Henry Theodore Julius Fuehrman normally addressed as Jules, who arrived from New York, where he built a similar plant in Lyon, and before that, Pekin, Illinois. It 'was released in September has opened the door. With him was his companion, Theodore Hapkestate that has won high reputation from area farmers of German descent because of his knowledge and the ability of sugar beet, the subject in their mother tongue.

Fuehrman was connected with the construction of a sugar beet factory in Grand Island, Nebraska, who will take part in the festivities, especially in a city he called home to Germany. It was the only son of Henry and Tulia Fuehrman of Braunschweig, Germany. By the age of fourteen years he was a teachingTrade Mason. After the decision to prepare for the duties of an architect, he also studied architecture in various polytechnic institutes dedicated to his homeland. When twenty years, entered Army in Germany, serving a year and in 1882 he emigrated to America, where after two years in Chicago, he settled in Great Iceland. He has held a series of committees, including the design of the town hall, a church, a university, and finally theOxnard sugar beet in Great Iceland.

Fuehrman success attracted the famous architectural firm Post & McCord, of the company, which pierced the roof of Madison Square Garden and the large iron structure for skyscrapers, Broadway and Wall Street and in 1931 was the tallest skyscraper in the world , who built the Empire State Building constructed. Post & McCord partnership with the equally famous American Bridge Company, which is the factory was given training Sebewaingbe of solid construction. William H. Wallace on board the Board of Directors, the question whether the foundation was made of solid stone or concrete will be paid on new construction material, it was decided without debate. The stones from the quarry of Wallace, which is 13 miles, where they were sculpted by its experts working in squares that correspond to the designer's specifications. crushed stone from the same source in lanes for hauling equipment and, later, beets,Factory. Already the community enjoyed the fruits of the presence of a sugar, better roads and richest economy is needed because workers will find employment in many crews working for a factory that would win soon recognized as one of the largest of its kind in fashion of the nation.

Emile Brysselbout, Fuehrman Hapke and newest partner, is also at hand. Brysselbout credentials containing the new construction of Charlevoix, Michigan beet sugar factory, and hadsupervised the construction of the plant Essexville.

The foundation stone of October 21, 1901 set, but delayed due to lack of skilled construction engineers. Expert Designers award become a nation that had suddenly is not enough sugar beet factories. Twenty-five of beet sugar factories were 1900-1905, built by ten in Michigan. Apart from the difficulties Fuehrman was absent. He left for Dresden, Ontario, by a constructdevote similar works for Captain James Davidson, a Bay City tycoon who decided to put a portion of its assets to sugar beet had.

With appearances, Davidson takes on greater importance as if Fuehrman Sebewaing's. William Wallace, known forever as a steady hand, where it was needed, came up with the insistence that Brysselbout Joseph Eckert for rent. Eckert was a man with a can-do reputation and that he would tolerate any obstacle in the way to his goal. Eckertjust had a job Mendall Bialy West Bay City Sugar Company, where he had the productivity of more than one third.

Gutleben says that when he was in Sebewaing Eckert, he uses nature displayed in the task of restoring the site. Weeds and wild flowers filled the room for individual establishments. Few columns that had been built on a stone base of Wallace were balanced ground, as if ready to fall. Worse, there was no march on hand to correct the structural steelInstead of installing the balance of it. Fuehrman promised a steam engine, but his extradition would have to wait until the work of steel mounting in Dresden was ready. It was April. The farmers wanted to know if they plant a crop of sugar beet. "'Em plant!" Eckert said, who then placed an order for the supply of a steam engine Fuehrman & Hapke charge. Wallace secured the loan. Fuehrman complexion changed the color of the liver ruined his next visit;He shot his innovative design for insubordination. Wallace accompanied by Brysselbout turned the decision in a hasty meeting with Fuehrman.

One of the advantages and Eckert Brysselbout staff was their ability to attract people with similar skills. Eckert Brysselbout inspired by the enthusiasm and unquestioned role as chief engineer after a failed attempt to shoot Fuehrman, experienced and well trained to ensure that men like Hugo Peters, a graduate of 1898University of Leipzig, which became the first superintendent of Sebewaing factory. James Dooley soon followed. He carried a reputation for practical application of scientific principles and a cool head in emergencies. Eckert steal attracted engineers exceptional as Eugene Stöckly and Pete Kinyon, a master of networking that has become the framework for the factories. farmers in the area, along the neighbors know William Wallace "Bill" for all, and John Liken, both driving hard-can-doContractors had full confidence that a factory in their midst at the time of harvest, as promised, stand. They sat on the cultivation of sugar beet harvest in the second Huron County, with results that would prove accident for themselves and for investors.

When the trees began to blaze red and orange breezes and the cool dawn of morning dew dried before the farmers went out of their doors, the first county crop of sugar beets, also waited in orderly rows of soldiers to man, woman andChildren approach. A trick, a device to loosen the ground beet farmer 's maintained, operated by, would not step onto the field for a walk. Harvester would follow, beets pulled out of the ground, then knocked two of them together to solve and then casting to expect the ground in a heap of toppings. Finally, automated machines controlled by a motor performs the task, a task improved from pre-topping, and then cleaning the beets on a system of agitation and dumpingwaiting trucks. But now it was a work in principle.

On October 10, 1902 had made it. The main building of sixty-seven to 258 yards and five floors, with about sixty thousand square meters of brick and with the latest equipment, the industry has opened for business. In a city where the average household consists of less than seven hundred square meters, has been a big presence. It 'was one of the biggest buildings and built the largestAmerican Midwest at the time.

It was agreed that only a man earned in all of Huron County to honor the delivery of the first load of beets to the factory, the man whose dream on the way the chain of events that led to the magnificent building now at the end of the city main street . He was to compare John C.. His family had gathered around two months earlier, on August 9 to celebrate his seventieth birthday, and now at an age beyond what people commonly withdrawn fromCompletion of the physical work, draw, has a team of four horses in a festively decorated carts full of sugar beets out on the scale. Comparing the family, standing by the constructors 'championship,' he praised Bill Wallace and compare a contingent of Saginaw, the advance of horses big step, and the Lord met. Within a week, led by Peter Hugo A functional test, so that water only through the factory to check the readiness and the harmony of the devices. After a couple ofAdjustments to weaknesses in the test correctly detected water, ordered the cutting of sugar beet, 27 Beginning of October.

Farmers have delivered sugar beet with 13.23 per cent, from which they collected nearly seven tons per acre. After the story Gutleben, factory supplied more than 91,000 tons of sugar type on the extraction of more than seventy percent of the West Bay City factory, the factory Essexville, Bay City Sugar Companyand certainly Benton Harbor, Kalamazoo, and the first year of operations at its plant in Caro. The operating results reflect the Kilby built the plant in Alma. The financial results were far greater, because the 48 250 tonnes of beet delivered Sebewaing exceed two hundred fifty per cent of 19 100 tonnes of Alma supplied to the plant, the first campaign. Sebewaing producers provided the largest number of beet delivered to a single system by that date,According to the testimonies of peasants in the county of Huron confidence in Wallace, Liken and Bach, set the trust, as the facts showed that it was not misplaced. estimated income for the first year of operation of Sebewaing about $ 140,000, 26 percent of revenue and provide a 17 percent return on investment.

Soon appointed two prominent figures, the American Sugar Refining Company by Bill Wallace. They were Henry Niese, head of operations from the corporate treasury and WB ThomasDepartment (Thomas is president of the American Sugar Refining be used on December 20, 1907 after the death of Henry O. Havemeyer this month.). Their mission was to candidates for admission to the Sugar Trust Scout. The visit prompted a significant change in the history of the company make-up, when Charles B. Warren, a lawyer, the Detroit of the interests of the American Sugar Refining Company came out with only represented an investment of $ 325,000 offer. The Company issued a further35,000 shares of stock which has acquired 32 500, each of the other shareholders have increased their share by about 8.3 percent, in effect giving Warren a majority stake of 50 percent of the company with the other half in Liken the hands of the family (24 percent) and Morley Saginaw investors (26 percent).

The bloom of youth still graced the cheeks of Charles Beecher Warren, when he appeared in Sebewaing as a gift from the heavens fall, what with the amount to nearly seven dollars in short-termMillions of dollars in a start-up run exclusively by local investors. His youth, a young man dressed to make a good training camp and an iron determination to something of themselves. existed before his time, he would become the ambassador of the United States, two countries (Japan and Mexico in 1921, 1924), to write rules for military service during World War II, the head of a large law firm and direct the affairs of a series of companies.

In 1903, during a visit but he did not look like much Sebewaingthe power brokers and respected lawyer, was a rather pleasant young man with a bag full of money. He was fresh from Saginaw, where he convinced the owners of the factory in Carrollton, her money in exchange for a share of 60 percent in the factory, which separated into existence as a crowd Boutell Bay City, Sebewaing investors the company was taking. He would, for the last few years, more than three and a half million dollars paid out only in Michigan (60 million U.S. dollars duringDollars), while those who purchase sugar at one time in the New York office of the American Sugar Refining Company Report is not bad for someone who had identified the room in a boarding house near Cass Avenue in Detroit in 1900.

His rise to power began six years ago when he appointed personal advisor to the U.S. government in hearings before the High Joint Commission in the Bering Sea dispute with Great Britain. The matter concerned the right to levy EnglandSeal harvest despite the U.S. view that the termination would surely follow that practice. In 1900 he was a partner in the law firm of Shaw, Warren, Cady & Oakes a company in Detroit, represents a number of banks and industrial companies, led by the American Sugar Refining Company. A few years so that he would have the title of president of Michigan Sugar Company, a position which would apply in the next 19 years as president of the company to keep sugar in Iowa and other approvedin Minnesota. At the same time, is back again on the international scene, where his performance was a success by carefully observed threatening lawyers in Europe and America. This time he appeared on behalf of the United States before the Hague Tribunal of a dispute between the United States and Britain to resolve the North Atlantic fishing rights.

The son of a small town newspaper editor, Robert Warren, Bay City, was listed as his birthplace, but because of the waythe profession of the father, moved from time to time while growing up, still in Michigan. She studied at Albion College, then attended and graduated from the University of Michigan before attending the Detroit College of Law, where he graduated LL.B. At the Detroit College of Law, has studied with Don. Company M. Dickenson Dickenson is closed and then, when he was admitted to the bar in 1893, the year he graduated. A few years later he joined John C. Shaw and William B. Cady organizationa separate law firm, a company that would at some point in his career, his head. Initially, understands the value of the macro-management concern, bent down to see the installation of experienced managers, and left intact, as it made the daily requirement of corporate governance.

As Caro served as a training ground for professionals in the factory, Sebewaing acted as a school for managers who were sent to all of America's sugar beet and cane sugar factories ownedAmerican Sugar Refining Company and others. Hugo Peters moved to Dresden James Davidson to monitor the operations and then took similar positions in Idaho, Utah, California and even the West Indies. In 1920, Peters turned his attention to the spectrophotometric analysis for the SU Bureau of Standards, serious contributions to the analysis of color. Jim Dooley was a manager in Sebewaing for a few years later led to all the operations of Michigan Sugar Company, when it emerged in1906th Wilfred van culverts, Sebewaing first main pharmacy dedicated to improve the majority of his career, cutting sugar cane in Hawaii. There, he finally managed four banks of sellers of sugar. Richard Henry Martini was joined Superintendent General Michigan Sugar Company and Henry Pety to Utah for a superintendent before returning to Michigan to manage the plant Mount Pleasant. Sebewaing factory continued to expand, with physical facilities and services in the formbroadcasting towers, automate business operations of the old battery, evaporator, modern centrifuges, deposits and other devices that improve the cutting capacity of beet per day gradually to 600 tonnes per day due to replace more than 5,000 tons per day.

Sources:

records have not survived: the estimated income for the first year of operation. The author determines a profit estimated by applying an estimated retail price of $ 5.12 for every € 100 valueQuintal in the sale and then subtracted the costs estimated $ 3.57 per 100 pounds.

GUTTLEBEN, Daniel, sugar Tramp - 1954 S. 182 for the purchase of sugar in the Sugar Trust, p. 177 concerning sugar Sebewaing organization and operating results, printed by the Company duplication Bay Cities, San Francisco, California

ANNUAL MICHIGAN, Michigan Archives, Lansing Michigan:
Sebewaing Sugar 1903, 1904
Sebewaing timber, 1901, 1904
BayFish Port, 1901

Saginaw Courier Herald, July 11, 1901 - Report on the meeting of members of the newly Sebewaing Sugar Company.

Portrait and Biographical Album of Huron County:
John C. Liken, Christian F. Bach, Richard Martini

U.S. Census reports for Sebewaing, 1900, 1910

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Environmental behavior paradigms

2011-01-15T18:10:00.001-08:00

When the man on the new paradigm is "the mechanistic conception of Newton and Descartes to a holistic and ecological" (Capra, 1996, p.13) inspires, values are the values in the pursuit of egocentric and anthropocentric vision of interdependence and not is part of everyday life, a fundamental change in our thoughts, perceptions and values.

Studies show that a paradigm. Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions are two meanings of the word paradigm.The first is broader, dealing with "a whole constellation of opinions, values and methods, etc. .. was attended by members of a society", a discipline he founded, the company is considered the same and contains the set of their relations. The second, narrower, and the first half of benchmark examples, solutions to problems, seized and kept a copy and, instead of explicit rules to solve other problems of moral science (Kuhn, 1970, apud Boff, 2004) derived .

Comparedbetween concepts can be the first concept, the most comparable studies is discussed in this work are in need. The refusal to "lower the Earth at a series of natural resources or reserves of physical and chemical raw materials, as Boff (2004, p. 27) that the base year of the new paradigm, they feel the need to use, new science and technology given to nature, justifying the choice of the word paradigm of Kuhn.

Created by the mechanistic view of scienceRevolution represented by Copernicus, Descartes, Bacon, Newton, Galileo describes the world as a machine due to mathematical laws. The development of human thought, communication is the chemical process to expose the functioning of living organisms are not able to overthrow the Cartesian paradigm.

L ', literature, art and philosophy have been the initial spark of the true opposition to this dominant paradigm, with Lavoisier, William Blake, Goethe, Kant and start differ Hutlonbetween living organisms as self-reproduction and self-organization and see the integration between the parties and the Planet (Capra, 1982).

first time, references to the Greeks and Romans were on the ground in the emotional, Boff describes how: Everything was full of respect and reverence, because they saw things so easy to be lazy, but full of meaning and radiation. The soil in different expressions of the Great Mother, the area and home, was a visionliving organism. It would not hurt or predators. Otherwise, if the revenge by storms, lightning, droughts, fires, earthquakes and volcanoes [...] The man had a relationship of admiration and awe in the face of Mother Earth. (1999, p. 64)

According to the author, this feeling was never lost in humanity. The atmosphere has always been vulnerable to magic and the magic of nature, even in modern times that are slaughtered and the world reduced to a container with exhaustible resourcestechnology. In a sense this is clear from today's so-called science of the earth. They tend to see) more and more land as "Gaia," a live, super-organism, highly organized and balanced, with subtle, always fragile, always saying how the theory says that scientists at NASA, Lovelock (1991.

Systems thinking can be made from a biological standpoint, the problem noted by biologists of the early twentieth century.

For Capra (1996), withsystemic perspective, the characteristics of a system or living organism, are the properties of a product that is not a party. Result from interactions between the parties if it is broken down into individual elements are destroyed those properties.

Systems thinking has revolutionized scientific thinking through the consequences that is awakened by the perception that the systems can not be understood by analyzing its parts, but in a broad, contextual, analytical thinking is the opposite to understand thatwe all need to isolate.

The paradigm shift from mechanistic thinking to systemic thinking leads to the materialist philosophy that people came to believe that the matter reflect a unique reality, all are secondary derivatives of the same phenomena.

Having regard to systems thinking to the question in another form, such as energy, "the question is not easy matter, but the energy stabilized, full of complex interactions," said Boff (1999, p.24). Even the states that count,philology of the word suggests, is the mother of all things, life, self-organization of matter.

The basis for the creation of a dominant paradigm was now the main philosophical currents of the modern period (seventeenth century) and the development of science has started.

This development model has generated inconsistent with the ecological balance in the process of civilization of the West, which finally broke the ecological crisis. until the LEDToday the company at the turn of the century. XX, think about the environment.

The historical background of the major scientific and philosophical currents that influenced the formation of ecological thinking to say that these models of concepts and forms of reasoning has led paradigms special or different. Select the most important paradigms of modernity to the present.

The twentieth century, a clarification for the understanding of this process. The Cartesian paradigm - "Rationalism "The" or "rational Cartesian rationalism is" a philosophy that emerged in the present century. XVII of the French philosopher Descartes made independently (1596-1650). This doctrine places the human capacity to know the only reason, and The establishment of the truth, the experience of the senses, refusing any assistance from the feelings and emotions. a sensual experience for the rationalists is a source of confusion and misunderstanding about the reality of the world (Cotrim,1991; Chau, 1997). For Descartes, a deductive and demonstrative science of rational knowledge such as mathematics. The argument or deductive inference is based on a demonstration of the general to specific, and is able to reach a certain conclusion from a series of phrases that links to one another in an order (JAPIASSU, 1992). The method of Descartes is the decomposition of problems and thoughts in part, these parties are organized by causal relations.So all the fragmentation and the analysis of individual stocks (Capra, 1982) is included.

Descartes proves the truth of the representation above the causation (or causal relations) on the subject of research (Chau, 1997). Thus, for Descartes, rationality is directed, for example, cause and effect. Established the fact that the only absolutely safe and secure and completely free from doubt, the fire in his most famous phrase: "I think, therefore I ampresent. "

Cartesian philosophy was the focus of intervention in nature is now seen as the "meet for their efforts to control and dominate," tapping into the power of human reason over nature (Chau, 1997). It emphasizes that to understand about the intelligence of the principles of things are the means to control them. Descartes said that science must become the master of human nature and the world. And they have the power that nature has dominated by scientific evidence, theMaster-owner "of nature, not their slaves (JAPIASSU, 1992).

It 'also the mechanistic philosophy that embraces the world is like a machine, the phenomenon can be explained by mechanical devices called. He argued that the universe is transparent eyes of the law and that everything can be explained by the particles of matter indivisible. Nature is the non-human world, all the dynamism, creativity and completely stripped the sensitivity of all consciousness, no sympathy orDislike, all the heat or cold, all color, taste and smell, in short, a completely mechanical, no secrets, no life and fertility (JAPIASSU, 1992). Cartesian rationalism influenced the thought, because the environment has introduced purely mechanistic conception of nature in which it has no end, and all at the mercy of human exploitation. Stimulated the development of instrumental rationality, without the use of criteria in order to achieve the goals of means, leading to aRudeness and abuse and displacement of natural resources and ecosystems and the development of environmentally friendly technologies.

Therefore, the disciplinary chamber of classical science, there is no connection between the disciplines and the independence to be treated. E 'was also the idea that the mind and soul on the field, or the body are separated, the improvement of mental labor to manual labor, the rest of the body, mind, alone, without the psychological dimensions of illness,among others.

"Empirical" Evidence - hence the strength of human nature like most is the disappearance of the divine vision of the world of science is a spiritual vacuum that has created so characteristic of our Western culture (Capra, 1982) The paradigm is an important philosophical currents of the XVII and XIX. The Declaration of empirical knowledge, and all phenomena can only be achieved through observation and experiment.

They argue that the reasontruth and rational ideas that we experience, in contrast to the rationalists. In this approach, a scientific theory is a result of experimentation, so that the experiment to test the concepts, and confirm that they produce. With the inductive method, the representation of assumptions about the object reaches the definition of fact (Chau, 1997). In contrast with rationalism, empiricism says that knowledge begins with sense experience, orFeelings, the form of perception (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell). The association produces a sense of repeated ideas.

The experiences through sensory perception and attitudes and ideas in the form of perceived memory, because the collection of thoughts (Chau, 1997) to form. The Englishman Francis Bacon (1561-1626), was a classic empiricist, the first of the inductive method to develop scientific research to get information from individuals, a universal truth with deepThe passion for scientific experimentation, the defense of the value of experimental research. His motto was to be able, in their view that the scientific knowledge to control a practical tool for the reality (Cotrim, 1991).

The empiricist doctrine was a practical science based on inductive experimental method that the legislation focuses noting the recurrence of events with constant characteristics that widespread. For this proposition that the scientific evidence on the management ofThe reality, paved the way for science can be used as an instrument of domination and control of nature are used.

While knowledge as dependent on personal experiences postulated perceived by each person, individually, to cause people to become individualistic ideas. E 'was more important than the individual to society. interest groups and economic exploitation, some adverse effects were observed due to the nature of human performance side only, andwill lead to greater economic benefit for the specific groups.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727), using a methodology of rationality, empiricism, determinism, and mechanism to develop their concepts combined. Designed the law of gravity, great influence on the biology, physics, chemistry, psychology and social sciences, since it was formulated as a basis for science in general, by the end of the nineteenth century occurred and the beginning of the twentieth century, are recognized asdownhill. The limits of the Newtonian model, only the theory of relativity and quantum theory, the new thinking has emerged. The paradigm of Kant - "critical" With the industrial revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was the advent of the steam engine, the connection between science and art established, making major changes in the environment. to organize the optimism in the power of reason, the world, the Enlightenment, the Enlightenment orThe statement has been the emergence criticism of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) proposed his "Critique of Pure Reason" (Aranha, Martins, 1993).

The criticism refers to the Kantian critique, the attitude at the time. A person has a defined position critical and independent thinking for themselves and do only what is resident, in his mind (Aranha, Martins, 1993).

It is expected that by the Enlightenment, people began to think that thefor themselves, not let dominate and manipulate.

Critics have thought of an environmental management system, the critical approach, in contrast with a strong attitude of humble acceptance of facts. What has caused scientists and thinkers of the twentieth century in particular, opened the discussion of prevailing scientific theories and models, establishing a link between them and the current ecological crisis. This attitude enabled to create new paradigmsto solve the environmental disaster has already occurred and prevent the occurrence of others.

The paradigm - "positivism" Auguste Comte (1798-1857) was their chief representative, based on positivism, emerged as a post-Kantian philosophy in the nineteenth century, in the midst of changes in the industrial revolution.

This doctrine has created the "myth of scientism," praised the science and the scientific method, which went all the possible knowledge and perfect (Aranha, Martins,1993).

It is thought that damage to the benefits of science and technology to advance capitalist industrial revolution. Positivism denies the painful social consequences of industrialization, has defended the legitimacy of the sector, the agreement with the existence of capitalist entrepreneurs and operators directly (the proletariat) (Cotrim, 1991).

Positivism assumes that the knowledge will be a 'systematic observation "must be done, a necessary condition forscientific research, and the human mind, the impossibility of obtaining absolute terms about their origin, the fate of the universe to recognize and solve the problem. What is important is to know the phenomenon through its laws, that is not science.

Comte says that progress has always been the idea of order and should be conditioned. He got up, then apply the positivist motto: "Order and Progress". The slogan was later joinedthe Brazilian flag (Chau, 1997).

Positivism was deeply influenced the thought, understood as the environment is the philosophy of progress as a scientific and technical progress and accumulation of material goods, which led to a kind of sustainable development in a run-down area of nature. The technology and science were tools that provide the domain of nature by man, details of natural phenomena.

Recognized the emergence of newscientific theories, as has been the scientific knowledge and not absolute, allowing for new approaches and new environmental strategies. The overstatement of the facts, evidence and the experience was harrowing, to the detriment of metaphysical or transcendental phenomena, ie undo all that transcends the limits of experience and any possible intervention of a principle which is above, beyond our capacity to know.

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Check Out The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research and Urban Legends for $14.61

2011-01-13T10:30:00.001-08:00

The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research and Urban Legends Review

The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research and Urban Legends Overview

Eltjo Haselhoff has written the first book on crop circles based on scientific evidence. His research, as intoduced in the first chapter, “A Great But Most Tangible Mystery,” addresses some of the most concrete crop-circle phenomena: the dead fly enigma, curious deposits, germination anomalies, and balls of light. Studies with mathematical formulas allow any reader to analyze and verify, or dispute, the author’s findings. For those interested in a more metaphysical approach, the author provides “The Psychic Perspective: Earth Forces, Aliens, Gate to Another World, and Messages from the Cosmos.” Diagrams and color photographs throughout the book guarantee a fascinating journey through the world of crop circles even for those not inclined toward laboratories and numbers.

Eltjo Haselhoff has a Ph.D. in Theoretical and Experimental Physics. He has been examining the crop-circle phenomenon for over ten years, and has personally visited hundreds of crop circles. Born and educated in the Netherlands, Dr. Haselhoff worked at many research institutes, including Los Alamos National Laboratories. He has published dozens of articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, such as Journal of Applied Physics, and The Physical Review. His most recent article appeared in the prestigious, international scientific journal, Physiologia Plantarum.

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Check Out Alchemy of Nine Dimensions: Decoding the Vertical Axis, Crop Circles, and the Mayan Calendar [ALCHEMY OF 9 DIMENSIONS]

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How New 3D TV Technology Will Change the Scope of Future Movie Making

2011-01-08T11:39:00.001-08:00

The box office is on fire with 3D movies right now thanks to 'Avatar' setting the tone with it's advanced 3D technology. Since then a lot of current films are out in 3D at theaters for us to enjoy and of course we anticipate the arrival of their release on Blu-ray disc so it can be a joy to watch 3d TV at home.

A lot of big Hollywood producers have been awaken to the fact that 3D is gaining popularity, even if the movie stinks the special effects of 3-D is enough to keep you watching. I just know a crop of "B" rated films will emerge with a weak storyline but have plenty of third dimensional effects, one genre in particular is Horror. Since the technology of 3D is nothing new and not a lot of work to implement, I can see plenty of blood and gore squirting off screen right in your shocked horrified face! Sounds like fun for those of us who love the art of horror movies.

Not only movies will be going 3D crazy but plenty of TV shows and video games, so pretty much anything visible and in motion will begin to emerge on the scene. There is even the possibility if 3D based blogs and websites coming in the future thanks to the film makers intriguing visions of the new enhanced 3D reality that has come into focus in their new way of producing motion pictures.

It will not stop there, I have read rumors of 3D video cameras for home use and editing software to support it. That can be done now but the newer technology will make it that more easier for the average "videophile" to make 3D home movies so the 3D TV technology will eventually come full circle.

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Check Out Ufos, Crop Circles and Mars Structures-Their Common Origin: Crop Circle Symbols Link These 3 Phenomena Together

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Check Out Crop Circles: A Vocabulary of the Symbols for $18.95

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The History of the Sebewaing, Michigan Sugar Factory

2010-12-30T04:09:00.001-08:00

One of the men destined to join the ranks of Michigan's pioneer sugar barons was John C. Liken. He was nearly 70 years old when the idea struck him and already rich beyond the dreams he probably had when he carved barrel staves for a living as an indigent immigrant in New York more than fifty years earlier. By 1900, he operated a big business in a small town that referred to him as the town father because his enterprise created the jobs that brought people to the town.

His annual sales during the years preceding 1900, in modern terms, equated to about $7.5 million. In a combination of enterprises that employed two hundred people, he operated four saw mills primarily engaged in manufacturing barrel staves, many of which he shipped to Germany, two flour mills, a major retail outlet for hardware, dry goods, groceries, and drugs which in 1884 employed nine clerks.

Liken's enterprises were headquartered in a small town in Michigan's "thumb". The town was Sebewaing, a small collection of rustic homes nestled on the east shore of the Saginaw Bay some twenty-five miles northeast of Bay City. Its residents were day laborers who worked at one of Liken's establishments or on one of the surrounding farms, or fished in the great Saginaw Bay that lapped the shores within walking distance of the town.

Sebewaing borrowed its name from the Chippewa word for crooked creek and some of its wealth from the abundant fishing in the bay. Not long before the 19th century came to a close, nearby forests fell to swift axes, making room for German settlers who quickly set about the twin tasks of removing stumps and planting crops.

Liken, a native of Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany met Wallburga Kunkle, the woman who would become his wife, in Binghamton, New York. She was a native of Bavaria and bore the name of a canonized nun who traveled to Germany from England in 748 to perform good works. St. Wallburga became the patron saint of plagues, famines and a host of other discomforts, including dog bites. John Liken had arrived in Binghamton after working for his passage aboard a sailing vessel.

After the birth of their fourth child, Emma, in 1864, who joined her siblings, Mary, born in 1856, Hannah born in 1858, and Charles, born in 1859, John and Walburga moved the family to Sebewaing, a Lutheran settlement that was attracting fishermen, farmers and timber men. The town's population upon his arrival in 1865 was insufficient to proclaim it a village, but with the arrival of John Liken, that was about to change. He established a sawmill where he made barrel staves. Later, he would develop retail outlets, a creamery, granaries, and ships, incorporating in one person a source for all the goods and services required by the local farming community. The cream and crops, he placed on boats and shipped some thirty miles along the Saginaw Bay shoreline to Bay City, a bustling and growing city where the daily demand for groceries grew apace with its burgeoning population. In was in this connection, shipping, that he became acquainted with ship owner Captain Benjamin Boutell and it was through Captain Boutell that he would learn about sugar opportunities.

The hamlet grew into a village and the town folk began to think of Liken as the town father. Having brought two daughters and a son into the community, who like their father were all of good form, good health, and good cheer, it wasn't unexpected that the Likens began to add substantially to the population. Mary took for a husband, Richard Martini and a few years later, Hannah allowed a youthful Christian Bach to turn her head (In later times, Christian adopted his middle name, Fred as his given name of preference. He appears in the Michigan sugar chronicles authored by Daniel Gutleben as C.F. Bach.) Charles and his wife, Elizabeth settled into the community to take up management of his father's affairs.

John Liken had departed his Oldenburg home at the age of eighteen after completing a four-year apprenticeship in the cooperage trade. He would have known of sugar beets because of that experience and certainly would have been aware that men from his homeland had been enjoying some success with them in Michigan's Bay County where three factories were then in operation and one more was underway and yet another was under construction in Saginaw.

Altogether, a total of eleven beet factories would soon pour sugar and profits into Michigan towns if one believed the hoopla created by railroads and others who would profit from the construction of factories. The excitement that had been stirring farmers and investors across the state seeped into Sebewaing. Liken saw no need to drum up support by the usual methods, holding town meetings, enlisting editors of local newspapers, hiring bands and front men to call upon the farmers. He was convinced of the need for a beet sugar factory and since a good portion of the local wealth resided in his coffers, he saw no need to persuade others to take up the cause. The Likens possessed sufficient resources to build a factory.

He formed an ad hock committee consisting of his son Charles, Richard Henry Martini, the husband of his daughter Hannah, and daughter Mary's husband, Christian Fred Bach. All three had held important positions in Liken's enterprises for many years and all were in their late 30's, thus steeped in experience. In addition, the three resided next to one another on Center Street in Sebewaing, with Martini at Number 69, Charles next door at 68, and Bach at Number 67, thus the trio could convene at leisure and without formality. Should he and his committee approve the idea, the plan would go forward without the usual sale of stock to community members. It did not require a great amount of research on the part of the committee. They had plenty of arable land at their disposal. The Liken family controlled one thousand acres on their own account that combined with others, eliminated a need for a rail line to convey beets to a factory situated on Lake Huron's shore. They had the financial capacity.

John C. had been generous. Each of his daughters and his son enjoyed full-time servants in their homes and each was well enough off to invest in the new sugar company on their own account and each had demonstrated managerial ability over a long period of time. They had every attribute needed for success in the new industry save one...experience in sugarbeets. News of the activity in Liken's headquarters leaked into the community at large and inspired some farmers to plant beets, although a completed factory was nearly two years in the future. Those beets, when ready for market, were shipped to Bay City for processing.

Thinking to add the missing ingredient to an otherwise perfect equation for success, John Liken invited Benjamin Boutell and a few of his trusted friends to join in the endeavor. As a consequence, in a short time Liken learned first-hand, how the camel's nose under the tent fable came into existence. Boutell, no doubt delighted that his expertise was in greater demand than his money, quickly enlisted men of wealth and experience. Among them was John Ross, who would soon become treasurer of the German-American Sugar Company, the last of four beet sugar factories built in Bay County. Next, came lumbermen Frederick Woodworth, William Smalley and William Penoyar, and a ship owner named William Sharp. When men of the stature of Ben Boutell and Penoyar signaled their interest, the floodgates opened; more men of wealth clamored for a stake in the new company. A pair of Saginaw attorneys Watts S. Humphrey and Thomas Harvey climbed aboard as did George B. Morley, legendary grain dealer and banker. Rasmus Hanson, a wealthy lumberman from Grayling, and future president of the German-American Sugar Company, bought in as did William H. Wallace, a quarry operator in nearby Bay Port.

Unwittingly, Liken in attracting investors from Saginaw and Bay City, brought together two distinct groups which could be described as two separate circles of influence. Boutell's circle consisted of Bay County investors, Woodworth, Ross, Smalley, Sharp and Penoyar. George Morley's circle included James MacPherson, Humphrey, Harvey, and William H. Wallace, all Saginaw residents, although Wallace was a native of nearby Port Hope and had been a long term resident of Bay Port, a village snugging the shoreline thirteen miles northeast of Sebewaing. In the wings was Ezra Rust, a wealthy Saginaw resident who had won a fortune in the lumber industry. While all of the Bay County investors had lumber interests, of the Saginaw group only MacPherson had a lumber background. The two circles would take up the sport of in-fighting once the new company got underway.

Representatives of what amounted to three distinct groups, Boutell's Bay City contingent, Morley's Saginaw faction, and John Liken's family, gathered in Watts Humphrey's Saginaw office in July 1901 to take up the matter of organization. Humphrey's fame would come not from sugarbeet processing but from the fact that his then 12-year old son, George M. Humphrey, would one day achieve stature as the Secretary of the Treasury under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, serving from 1953 until 1957.

Wasting no time, the organizers had at hand, four representatives of construction firms specializing in building beet processing factories. They were Fuehrman & Hapke, E. H. Dyer, Kilby Manufacturing, and Oxnard Construction. It was expected that as soon as the shares were taken up by the attendees, a contract would be awarded to one of the four bidders. To Benjamin Boutell and his Bay City group, there was only one bid of any interest to them and that was the one from Kilby Manufacturing for $900,000. The price was a hefty $1,500 per ton of beet slicing capability, nearly double the $850 per ton price tag of the Essexville factory and almost $600 more per ton than the price for the German-American Sugar Company factory that was currently under construction. Oxnard's bid of slightly more than $1,800 per ton (including, as usual, a Steffens process) and Dyer's next to the lowest bid of $1,416 per ton were beaten out by Fuehrman & Hapke's winning bid of $1,320 per ton for a total price of $792,000.

The first order of business called for the election of officer and directors, a normally placid affair when the company founders knew one another as well as did the gathering in Humphrey's office. Representatives of each of the three main shareholder groups secured positions. Bay City lumberman, W. C. Penoyar was given the presidency, while Sebewaing's Christian Bach took on the vice-presidency, and the Saginaw group saw William Baker and Thomas Harvey took the secretary and treasurer seats. Benjamin Boutell and William Wallace joined the executive committee. At the top of the agenda was the matter of deciding on the winning bid for the factory's construction, which would be, as usual, a full turnkey operation. That's when the temporary alliance between Bay City, Huron County, and Saginaw County investors fractured.

Boutell's crowd, said the low bid made no difference, they would accept none other than the one submitted by Kilby. To the Saginaw group, this was tantamount to drawing a line in the sand. They believed firmly in awarding the contract to the lowest bidder. Accordingly, the Sebewaing-Saginaw representatives who controlled three of the officer positions, ignoring the fact that Boutell and his friends controlled 45 percent of the company and that a member of their faction just secured the presidency, gave the nod to Fuehrman & Hapke. Boutell and company recoiling from the suggestion that anyone except Kilby would build a factory in which they had invested, cancelled their stock subscriptions, resigned their positions and withdrew from the board of directors.

When the dust settled, Boutell and his co-investors were out and the Saginaw contingent held the controlling interest at 55 percent with control divided between the Morley and Rust families. The Rust family headed by Ezra Rust would leave its mark on the City of Saginaw in the form of a city park and a major thoroughfare bearing its name. Ezra's confidence in the sugar industry may have stemmed from a stint he served as an engineer in a Cuban sugar mill during his youth. Morley held 5,000 shares in his own name, while various members of the Rust family held 4,000 shares. Family members and friends of John Liken held 45 percent.

The sudden withdrawal of Bay City investors necessitated a second election. The presidency went to Thomas Harvey. John Liken's son-in-law, Christian Bach, retained the vice-president's post and a seat at the director's table. Liken's son, Charles, accepted an appointment as treasurer but did not win a board seat. William F. Schmitt, a minor stockholder and Christian Bach's sister Emma's suitor, became secretary. In time and after having been tested by fire, he would prove that his advancement was owed entirely to his skill, not to his relationship to the Bach family. In 1906, he took charge of the Sebewaing factory which he then guided for six years before leaving the company for a senior position with Continental Sugar Company. Directors, in addition to Harvey and Christian Bach, included William H. Wallace, Watts Humphrey, George Morley, James MacPherson, who replaced Benjamin Boutell, and Richard Martini.

The appointed contractor for the factory's construction, Henry Theodore Julius Fuehrman, normally addressed as Jules, arrived from New York where he had constructed a similar factory at Lyons and before that, Pekin, Illinois. He appeared in September for the groundbreaking ceremony. With him was his partner, Theodore Hapke who won high regard from area farmers of German extraction because of his knowledge of sugarbeets and his ability to explain the subject in the mother tongue.

Fuehrman had been closely involved with the construction of a beet factory in Grand Island, Nebraska, which to his good fortune happened to be in the place after Germany that he called home. He was the only son of Henry and Tulia Fuehrman of Brunswick, Germany. Beginning at the age of fourteen, he served an apprenticeship in the mason's trade. After deciding to prepare himself for the duties of an architect, he devoted himself to the study of architecture in different polytechnic institutions throughout his native land. When twenty years of age, he entered the Germany Army, serving one year, and in 1882, he emigrated to America where after spending two years in Chicago he settled in Grand Island. There he accepted a number of commissions, including the design of the city hall, a church, a university, and eventually the Oxnard beet sugar factory in Grand Island.

Fuehrman's success attracted the prestigious architectural firm of Post & McCord, the firm that built the roof over Madison Square Garden and the large iron frames for the skyscrapers that dotted Broadway and Wall Street and in 1931 would construct the world's tallest skyscraper, the Empire State Building. Post & McCord partnered with the equally prestigious American Bridge Company, thus the Sebewaing factory's formation was destined to be of solid construction. With William H. Wallace serving on the board of directors, the question of whether the foundation was going to be made of solid stones or the new building material, concrete, was resolved without discussion. The stones came from Wallace's quarry, thirteen miles distant where they were carved by his expert workmen into squares that conformed to the architect's specifications. Crushed stone from the same source made roadways for hauling equipment and later, beets to the factory. Already the community was enjoying the fruits of the presence of a sugar factory, improved roads and a richer economy as workers discovered gainful employment on the many work crews needed to fashion a factory that would soon win recognition as one of the largest of its kind in the nation.

Emile Brysselbout, Fuehrman and Hapke's newest partner, was also on hand. Brysselbout's credentials included the recently constructed Charlevoix, Michigan sugarbeet factory and he had supervised the construction of the Essexville factory.

The cornerstone was laid on October 21, 1901 but the absence of qualified engineers delayed construction. Experienced construction engineers had become a premium in a nation that suddenly could not have enough beet sugar factories. Twenty-five beet sugar factories were constructed between 1900 and 1905 of which ten were in Michigan. Adding to the difficulties was Fuehrman's absence. He had departed for Dresden, Ontario to construct a similar factory for Captain James Davidson, a Bay City magnate who had decided to dedicate a portion of his wealth to the beet industry.

By appearances, Davidson's contract held greater importance for Fuehrman than did Sebewaing's. William Wallace, noted for always taking a firm hand where one was needed, approached Brysselbout with the insistence that Joseph Eckert be hired. Eckert was a man with a can-do reputation and one who would tolerate no obstacles in the path to his goal. Eckert had just finished an assignment at Mendall Bialy's West Bay City Sugar Company where he had increased productivity more than one-third.

Gutleben relates that when Eckert arrived in Sebewaing, he found nature busy at the task of reclaiming the site. Weeds and wild flowers occupied the space intended for a factory. The few columns that had been erected on Wallace's stone foundations were poised as if ready to fall to earth. Worse, there was no gear on hand to correct the steelwork in place or to install the balance of it. Fuehrman promised a steam engine but its delivery would have to wait until the steel erection work in Dresden was finished. It was April. The farmers wanted to know if they should plant a beet crop. "Plant 'em!" exclaimed Eckert who then placed an order for the delivery of a steam engine to be charged against Fuehrman & Hapke's account. Wallace backed the credit. Fuehrman's complexion turned the color of spoiled liver during his next visit; he fired his innovative engineer for insubordination. Wallace accompanied by Brysselbout turned the decision around in a hurried meeting with Fuehrman.

One of the advantages of having Brysselbout and Eckert on staff was their ability to draw men of similar skill. Brysselbout, inspired by Eckert's enthusiasm and unquestioned role as chief project engineer after Fuehrman's failed effort to fire him, secured experienced and highly educated operators, men like Hugo Peters, an 1898 graduate of Leipzig University who would become Sebewaing's first factory superintendent. James Dooley soon followed. He carried a reputation for practical application of scientific principles and a cool head during emergencies. Eckert attracted outstanding engineers such as Eugene Stoeckly and Pete Kinyon, a master at erecting the steal grids that became the frames for the factories. Nearby farmers, long experienced with neighbors William Wallace, "Bill" to all, and John Liken, both hard driving can-do business leaders, had full confidence that a factory would stand in their midst at harvest time, as promised. They set about planting the second sugarbeet crop in Huron County with results that would prove fortuitous for themselves and for the investors.

When the trees began to blaze red and orange and cool dawn breezes dried the morning dew before farmers stepped from their doors, the county's first sugarbeet crop waited in neat soldiery rows for men, women and even children to approach them. A lifter, a device designed to loosen the beet from earth's hold, operated by the farmer, would proceed across the field at a walking pace. Harvesters would follow, pulling the beets from the ground then knocking two of them together to loosen soils and then casting them into a pile to await topping. Eventually, automated motor driven machines would perform the task, a task enhanced by pre-topping and then cleaning of the beets via a shaking system and dumped into waiting trucks. But for now, it was brute work.

On October 10, 1902, it was done. The main building sixty-seven by 258 feet and five floors comprising approximately sixty thousand square feet, made of brick and filled with the most modern equipment available to the industry, opened for business. In a town where the average home consisted of fewer than seven hundred square feet of space, it was an awesome presence. It was one of the grandest and largest buildings constructed in the American Midwest up to that time.

It was agreed that only one man in all of Huron County deserved the honor of delivering the first load of beets to the factory, the man whose dream set off the chain of events that led to the magnificent building now standing at the end of the town's main street. He was John C. Liken. His family had gathered round two months before on August 9, to celebrate his seventieth birthday and now at an age beyond that which men commonly set aside for the cessation of physical labor, he guided a team of four horses drawing a gaily decorated wagon brimming with sugarbeets onto the scales. The Liken family, standing beside the constructors, Bill Wallace and a contingent from Saginaw, applauded the advance of the high-stepping horses and the contented Mr. Liken. Within the week, Hugo Peter conducted an operational test, allowing only water through the factory to test the readiness as well as the harmony of the equipment. After making a few adjustments to correct weaknesses detected during the water test, he ordered the slicing of beets to begin on October 27.

The farmers delivered beets containing 13.23 percent sugar of which they harvested nearly seven tons to the acre. According to Gutleben's history, the factory yielded more than 91,000 hundredweight of sugar on an extraction rate of seventy-one per cent giving it returns greater than from the West Bay City's factory, the Essexville factory, the Bay City Sugar Company and certainly Benton Harbor, Kalamazoo, and the first year of operation at the Caro factory. The operational results mirrored those of the Kilby built Alma factory. Financial results, however, were far greater because the 48,250 tons of beets delivered by Sebewaing growers exceeded by two-hundred fifty percent the 19,100 tons delivered by Alma growers for that factory's first campaign. Sebewaing growers delivered the greatest number of beets delivered to a single factory up until that time, loud evidence of the confidence Huron County farmers placed in Wallace, Liken, and Bach, confidence, as events revealed, that was not misplaced. Estimated profits for Sebewaing's first year of operation approximated $140,000, 26 percent on sales and providing a 17 percent return on investment.

Soon, two important personages representing the American Sugar Refining Company called on Bill Wallace. They were Henry Niese, head of operations and W. B. Thomas from the company's treasury department (Thomas would become president of American Sugar Refining on December 20, 1907 following the death of Henry O. Havemeyer earlier that month.). Their mission was to scout candidates for admission to the Sugar Trust. The visit occasioned a significant change in the company's make-up when Charles B. Warren, a Detroit attorney who represented the interests of the American Sugar Refining Company arrived shortly afterward to offer an investment of $325,000. The company issued an additional thirty-five thousand shares of stock of which he acquired 32,500; other shareholders each increased their stake by approximately 8.3 percent, effectively giving Warren a 50 percent interest in the company with the other half in the hands of the Liken family (24 percent) and Morley's Saginaw investors (26 percent).

The bloom of youth still graced the cheeks of Charles Beecher Warren when he appeared in Sebewaing like a godsend to drop what would amount to in current dollars nearly seven million dollars in a start-up company managed entirely by local investors. His youth disguised a young man bearing a sound education and a steely resolve to make something of himself. Before his time passed, he would become the US ambassador to two nations (Japan in 1921 and Mexico in 1924), write the regulations for conscription during World War I, head a major law firm and direct the affairs of a number of corporations.

In 1903 when visiting Sebewaing, however, he resembled not so much the power broker and respected lawyer he would become but instead, a pleasant young man with a pocket full of cash. He was fresh from Saginaw where he persuaded the owners of the Carrollton factory to take his cash in exchange for a 60 percent stake in the factory that came into existence when Boutell's Bay City crowd parted company with the Sebewaing investors. He would, over the course of a few years, dispense more than three and half million dollars in Michigan alone ($60 million in current dollars) while acquiring sugar companies that would immediately report to the New York office of the American Sugar Refining Company-not bad for someone who had been taking rooms in a boarding house situated near Cass Avenue in Detroit in 1900.

His rise to power began six years earlier when he was appointed associate counsel for the US government in hearings before the joint high commission in the Bering Sea controversy with Great Britain. The matter concerned England's perceived right to harvest seals notwithstanding the United States opinion that extinction would surely follow that practice. By 1900, he was a partner in the law firm of Shaw, Warren, Cady & Oakes a Detroit firm representing a number of banks and manufacturing firms, chief among them the American Sugar Refining Company. A few years hence, he would adopt the title of president of Michigan Sugar Company, a position he would hold for 19 years in addition to the presidency of a sugar company in Iowa and another in Minnesota. During that same time period he returned to the international arena once again where his carefully watched performance won accolades from imminent lawyers in Europe and America. This time, he appeared on behalf of the United States before the Hague tribunal to resolve a dispute between the United States and England concerning North Atlantic fishing rights.

The son of a small town newspaper editor, Robert Warren, he listed Bay City as his birthplace, but because of the nature of his father's profession, moved from time to time while growing up, always within Michigan. He graduated first from Albion College then attended and graduated from the University of Michigan before attending the Detroit College of Law where he graduated LL.B. At the Detroit College of Law, he studied under Don. M. Dickenson and then joined Dickenson's firm when he was admitted to the bar in 1893, the year he graduated. A few years later, he joined John C. Shaw and William B Cady in organizing a separate law firm, a firm he would eventually head throughout his career. Early on, displaying an understanding of the value of macro management, he tended to see to the installation of experienced managers and then leave them unmolested as they carried out the day to day requirements of conducting business.

Much as Caro served as a training ground for factory operators, Sebewaing acted as a school for factory managers who were sent throughout America to beet and cane factories owned by American Sugar Refining Company and others. Hugo Peters moved on to Dresden to oversee James Davidson's operation and then took similar positions in Idaho, Utah, California and even the West Indies. In 1920, Peters turned his attention to spectro-photometric analysis for the US Bureau of Standards, making serious contributions to color analysis. Jim Dooley stayed on as manager at Sebewaing for a few years then headed operations for all of Michigan Sugar Company when it came into existence in 1906. Wilfred Van Duker, Sebewaing's first chief chemist, dedicated the larger portion of his career to improving cane milling in Hawaii. There, he eventually managed four sugar estates. Richard Henry Martini became General Agricultural Superintendent for Michigan Sugar Company and Henry Pety moved on to Utah for a superintendency before returning to Michigan to manage the Mount Pleasant factory. The Sebewaing factory continued to expand by adding physical structures and equipment in the form of diffusion towers, automated affairs that replaced the older battery operations, evaporators, modern centrifugals, storage bins and other equipment that caused the daily beet slicing capacity to gradually expand from 600 tons per day to more than 5,000 tons per day.

Sources:

Estimated profits for the first year of operation: Records did not survive. The author determined an estimated profit by applying an estimated selling price of $5.12 for each one hundred pounds to the total hundredweight available for sale and then deducted costs estimated at$3.57 per one hundred pounds.

GUTTLEBEN, Daniel, The Sugar Tramp - 1954 p. 182 concerning purchase of sugar factories by the Sugar Trust, p. 177 concerning organization of Sebewaing Sugar and operating results, printed by Bay Cities Duplicating Company, San Francisco, California

MICHIGAN ANNUAL REPORTS, Michigan Archives, Lansing, Michigan:
Sebewaing Sugar 1903, 1904
Sebewaing Lumber, 1901, 1904
Bay Port Fish, 1901

Saginaw Courier Herald, July 11, 1901 - reporting on the meeting of stockholders of the newly formed Sebewaing Sugar Company.

Portrait and biographical album of Huron County:
John C. Liken, Christian F. Bach, Richard Martini

U.S. Census reports for Sebewaing, 1900, 1910

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OpenTTD - A Free Clone of the Old Transport Tycoon Deluxe Strategy Game

2010-12-25T12:48:00.001-08:00

So what is OpenTTD?
OpenTTD is a free strategy game you can play for yourself as a single game on your computer, on the local network or you can download the list of user created servers and play over the Internet. The main goal is to run a transport company and transport passengers and goods to and from different industries and cities. And with 4 main types of transportation like airlines, sea freight, and ground transportation with railway and vehicles you have a good diversity.

As some may remember from the good old days of Ms-Dos gaming we had a strategy game called Transport Tycoon Deluxe. It was first developed back in 1995 as a dos-based urban planning and simulation game, but also came as a windows version later on. Now today a group of fans are developing a clone, rewritten i C++. It is a goal to make it a full clone of the old Transport Tycoon Deluxe. And it is being added more and better functionality like improved language support, better multiplayer support and a update function over the Internet. OpenTTD also includes numerous usability improvements not present in the old Transport Tycoon Deluxe.

In 2002 Ludvig Strigeus began reverse engineering Transport Tycoon Deluxe and converting the game to C. The first public release of OpenTTD was made available in 2004. Since 2007 OpenTTD is gradually evolving into a game written in C++. In 2007 efforts were started to create a free graphics and sound set called OpenGFX and OpenSFX. These efforts culminated in the release of full graphics and sound replacement sets in 2009. This means that OpenTTD no longer requires Transport Tycoon Deluxe graphic and sound files to run.

On 24. of December 2009 the version 1.0 was released as a beta to the public. This version does not require the original files from the old Transport Tycoon Deluxe game, but can use free alternatives like OpenGFX (graphics) and OpenSFX (sound). Version 1.0 will be totally free to change and distribute under GNU General Public License (GPL). That means you can share it with whoever you want freely and you can build up a great package with free scenarios and heightmaps to go along.

Specifications
You can run this open source strategy game on several operating systems like Windows, Linux, Unix, OS2, and Mac OSX. It has full 32 bits graphic engine from version 0.7.0. And from version 0.7.2 it has smarter computer AI. OpenTTD also has improved terraforming, more airports, and bigger maps up to 2048 x 2048 squares. And that is huuuge.

Multiplayer
The multiplayer capabilities for up to 255 players over the local network and also over the Internet is impressive. Run your own OpenTTD game server easily from your home computer. The only thing you may need is to open port 3979 in your ISP's DSL router. A common problem is you can only play on other OpenTTD servers in the version of the game you have. If you have version 0.7.0, you can only play on OpenTTD servers in version 0.7.0.

Scenarios
Scenarios is a map with a terrain you make with OpenTTDs own scenario editor. You start out with a chosen size of the map, it can span from a little as 64 x 64 squares to a full blown map in 2048 x 2048 squares. You can make more rectangular maps like 64 x 2048 also. Then it comes to the details of the OpenTTD scenario terrain you can make high mountains up to 15 levels high and you can make step valleys with rivers. Make huge forests with trees as their view can be turned on and off if you find them in the way.

Cities is easy to create. Choose a spot, smack the city down, expand it to 50 000 people if you want. Even take 4 cities group then together and make a mega city out of then. To avoid the game itself build buildings on spots you don't want, just use the water channel feature and make a water channel around the spot. Then you have a free sport inside a city for a airport for example.

Then placing out the industry, think production lines. A production line is for example iron ore from a iron ore mine witch is melted into steel in a steel mill and shipped to a factory and from there as goods to the city. Just place these industries in a straight line on the map. It makes the transportation easier as you build a straight road or railroad from point A to point B to point C and to point D.

Don't like the lush green temperate climate in OpenTTD...? No problemo, just choose another climate for your scenarios. How about sub-arctic or sub-tropical...? Or the silly toyland climate...? Remember the industries and different transportation containers will change from climate to climate.

Heightmaps
You you like a scenario of Iceland or Australia ready to build on...? No problemo. Just Google blackline or outline map and the name of the country/continent and you may get lucky. To make a sealevel you need to make those areas black (Hex: #000000/RGB(0,0,0). To make maximum height in the map, use color white (Hex: #FFFFFF/RGB(255,255,255). This gives you the total level of 15. All in between is gray in different levels, from darker gray towards the sealevel and lighter gray towards the sky. The degree of the slopes will always be 45.

As an example make a black background with a white bold circle in it. This gives you a vulcan crater filled with water. You can use MS Paint which comes with Windows to do this. It's fairly easy to experiment with heightmaps. The heighmaps saves as normal images files within the heightmaps folder in the scenario folder in OpenTTD root folder of the game. To make a scenario in OpenTTD of a heightmap is easy. The OpenTTD game will generate the scenario from the heightmap. Just load the imagefile from with in the OpenTTD scenario editor. Choose the size of the map, the climate, the date which may be changed later. The map will be rotated 45 degrees clockwise or counter clockwise. So to keep the map level as you planned it, you need to rotate it 45 degrees clockwise or counter clockwise before you save the imagefile.

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My Crop Circle Kit: The DIY Desktop Phenomena (Plant It! Water It! Witness It!) Review

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Environment Behavioral Paradigms

2010-12-20T15:33:00.001-08:00

Studies show that a paradigm. Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions are two meanings of the word paradigm.The first, wider, has to do with "a whole constellation of opinions, values and methods etc... attended by members of a society, "founded a discipline by which the company is directed to itself and holds the set of their relations. The second, narrower, and is derived from the first means of reference examples, the solutions of problems, taken and held as copies and replacing the explicit rules in solving other problems of moral science (Kuhn, 1970, apud BOFF , 2004).

By comparison between the concepts can be taken as the first concept that is most similar to the studies discussed in this work. The refusal by "demean the Earth to a series of natural resources or a reservoir of physical and chemical raw materials" as Boff (2004, p. 27), is that the base in pursuit of the new paradigm, to feel the need to use new science and technology to nature, justifying the choice of the concept of paradigm given by Kuhn.

Created by the mechanistic view of scientific revolution represented by Copernicus, Descartes, Bacon, Newton, Galileo describes the world as a machine driven by mathematical laws. The evolution of human thought, the disclosure of chemical processes unmasking the functioning of living organisms has not been able to overthrow the Cartesian paradigm.

The art, literature and philosophy were the initial trigger of the real opposition to this dominant paradigm, with Lavoisier, William Blake, Goethe, Kant and Hutlon begin to differentiate between living organisms as self-reproduction and self-organization and see the integration between the parties and the Planet (Capra, 1982).

In the most remote times, the references to Greek and Roman on Earth were emotional, as Boff describes: Everything was full of respect and veneration, because they saw things as simple inert beings, but full of meaning and irradiation. The Earth, in the various expressions of Great Mother, of cultivated land and home, was seen as a living organism. It cannot be violated or predators. Otherwise if revenge by storms, lightning, droughts, fires, earthquakes and volcanoes [...] The man had a relationship of reverence and awe in the face of Mother Earth. (1999, p. 64)

According to the author, this feeling was never completely lost in humanity. Spirits were always sensitive to magic and the enchantment of nature, even in modern times that the world massacred and reduced to a container of resources to be exploited by technology. In today this feeling resurfaces from the so-called science of the Earth. They also tend to see more and more the Earth as "Gaia", a live, super organism highly organized and balanced with subtle, always fragile and always on repeat, as the theory says the scientist of NASA, Lovelock (1991).

The systemic thinking may have been launched from the biological view of the problem observed by biologists of the early XX century.

For Capra (1996), with the systemic view the properties of an organism or living system, are properties of a whole that no party has. Arise from interactions between the parties; if it is dissected in isolated elements, these properties are destroyed.

The systemic thinking has revolutionized the scientific thought, awakened by the impact that comes from the perception that the systems cannot be understood by analysis of its parts, but in a broad, contextual, analytical thinking is the opposite, that to understand anything we must isolate it.

The paradigm shift from mechanistic thinking to systemic thinking leads to reflect on the materialist philosophy in which human beings came to believe the matter as one consistent reality, all phenomena are secondary derivations thereof.

For systemic thinking the matter can be seen in another form, such as energy, "the matter is not simply material but stabilized energy, full of complex interactions," citing Boff (1999, p.24). Even states that matter, the philology of the word suggests, is the mother of all things, even the life that is self-organization of matter.

The foundations for the creation of dominant paradigms emerged today of the main philosophical currents initiated from the modern era (XVII century) and the development of science.

These generated models of development incompatible with the ecological balance in the process of civilization of the West, which finally broken this environmental crisis. Turn led to the contemporary society of the century. XX, the environmental thinking.

The historical background of the main philosophical and scientific currents that influenced the formation of environmental thinking mean to say that these have led to concepts, models and forms of reasoning peculiar, or different paradigms. Highlight the most relevant paradigms of Modern Age to the present day.

The XX century provides clarification to the understanding of this process. The Cartesian paradigm - " rationalism" The "rational" or "Cartesian rationalism" is a philosophy which arose in the current century. XVII formulated by French philosopher Descartes (1596-1650). This doctrine places on human reason alone the ability to know and establish the truth, regardless of the experience of the senses, rejecting any and all assistance from the feelings and emotions. A sensory experience for the rationalists is a source of confusion and errors about the reality of the world (COTRIM, 1991; CHAUÍ, 1997). For Descartes, science is a deductive and demonstrative rational knowledge such as mathematics. The deduction, or deductive argument, refers to a demonstration, ranging from general to particular, and is capable of reaching a certain conclusion from a set of propositions that links one to the other according to an order (JAPIASSU , 1992). The method of Descartes is the decomposition of problems and thoughts in parts, these parts are organized by causal relationships. So the whole is understood from the fragmentation and analysis of individual shares (Capra, 1982).

Descartes proves the truth of the above, showing the relationship of causation (or causal relations) governing the subject of research (CHAUÍ, 1997). So for Descartes, rationality is direct, e.g. cause and effect. Established the fact that the only absolutely certain and secure, and completely free of doubt focused on its most famous phrase: "I think, therefore I exist."

Cartesian philosophy was in the focus of intervention in nature is now observed, as to "meet her for her use, control and dominate," drawing from the power of human reason over nature (CHAUÍ, 1997). Emphasizes that as to understand the intelligence of the things from principles, are the means to dominate them. Descartes said that science must become the masters of human nature and the world. So they have the power to dominate nature through scientific knowledge, being the "master's owners" of nature, not its slaves (JAPIASSU, 1992).

It is also called the mechanistic philosophy, which includes the world as a machine, ie, the phenomena can be explained by mechanical devices. Argues that the universe is transparent look of the right and that everything can be explained by the particles of matter divisible. Nature is regarded as the world non-human, stripped of all the dynamism, creativity of the whole, all the sensitivity of any conscience, any sympathy or antipathy, all heat or cold, all color, taste and smell , in short, a world completely mechanical, no mystery, no life and no fertility (JAPIASSU, 1992). The Cartesian rationalism influenced the thinking because environmental introduced a purely mechanistic conception of nature in which it has no purpose, and completely at the mercy of human exploitation. Stimulated the development of an instrumental rationality, which means without using any criteria to achieve the purposes, leading to a Rudeness and abuse and displacement of natural resources and ecosystems and the development of environmentally friendly technologies.

Therefore, the output of man's nature as he did most of it, the disappearance of the divine vision of the scientific world has created a spiritual vacuum that has become characteristic of our Western culture (Capra, 1982) The paradigm - "EMPÍRICAL" The Empirical is a major philosophical currents of the XVII to XIX. In the explanation of empirical knowledge and any phenomena can be obtained only by observation and experimentation.

They argue that the reason, the truth and rational ideas are acquired by us through the experience, in opposition to the rationalists. In this approach, a scientific theory is a result of experimentation, so that the experiment aims to verify concepts, confirm them and produce them. Using the inductive method, the presentation of assumptions about the object reaches the definition of fact (CHAUÍ, 1997). Contrary to rationalism, empiricism claims that the knowledge begins with the experience of the senses, or the sensations that form perception (vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell). The association produces the sensation of repeated ideas.

The experiences are perceived by sensory perception and the habits and form ideas in the memory because the gathering to form the thoughts (CHAUÍ, 1997). The Englishman Francis Bacon (1561-1626), was an empiricist classic, the first to develop the inductive method of scientific research, data from individuals to reach a universal truth with deep passion for scientific experimentation, defending the value of experimental research. His motto was to be able, in their view that scientific knowledge is a practical tool to control the reality (COTRIM, 1991).

The empiricist doctrine was focused on practical science based on experimental inductive method, which is made the laws, generalized from the observation of repetition of events with constant characteristics. For this proposition that the scientific knowledge used to control the reality, paved the way for that science can also be used as an instrument of domination and control of nature.

Whereas knowledge postulated as dependent on personal experiences, perceived by each person, individually, induce people to develop individualistic conceptions. Thus, the individual was more important than society. Groups with specific interests and economic exploitation that cause specific adverse effects of human actions on nature were seen only by the side of the benefit, and will lead to greater economic gains for those specific groups.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727), using a methodology that combined the rationality, the empiricism, determinism and the mechanism to develop their concepts. Drafted the law of gravity, greatly influenced the biology, physics, chemistry, psychology and social sciences since it was formulated, used as a basis for science in general, which occurred by the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century when entered into decline. The limitations of the Newtonian model are only made from the theory of relativity and quantum theory that created new ways of thinking. The paradigm of Kantian - "CRITICAL" With the industrial revolution in the seventeenth and XVIII century, the advent of the steam machine was established the connection between science and technology, causing profound changes in the environment. The optimism in the power of reason to rearrange the world, the Enlightenment, the Enlightenment or Enlightenment, was the critical emergency, proposed by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) through his "Critique of Pure Reason" (ARANHA; MARTINS, 1993).

The criticism refers to the Kantian criticism, attitude prevailing at the time. A person is one that is critical positions defined and independent think for itself and only accepts as true what is established, after its consideration of the fact (ARANHA; MARTINS, 1993).

It is considered that from the Enlightenment that people began to think for themselves, not let dominate and be manipulated.

The criticism has influenced the thinking of introducing the environmental critical posture, contrasting it with an attitude of submissive acceptance of facts. What has caused scientists and thinkers, especially of the XX century, opened the questioning of the dominant scientific theories and models, establishing a connection between them and the current environmental crisis. This attitude has enabled new paradigms are created in order to solve the environmental disaster has already occurred and prevent others will occur.

The paradigm - "POSITIVISM" Augusto Comte (1798-1857) was its main representative, based on positivism, emerged as a post-Kantian philosophy in the nineteenth century, in the midst of the changes to the industrial revolution.

This doctrine created the "myth of scientism" extolling the science and the scientific method of which went all knowledge possible and perfect (ARANHA; MARTINS, 1993).

It is believed in the benefits that science and technology would provide for the industrial revolution capitalist progress. The positivism denied the painful social consequences resulting from industrialization, defended the legitimacy of the industry, agreeing with the existence of capitalist entrepreneurs and operators directly (the proletariat) (COTRIM, 1991).

The positivism postulated that knowledge must be guided by a "systematic observation", a necessary condition to make a sound scientific research, and the human spirit must recognize the impossibility of obtaining absolute terms, about their origin, the fate of the universe and unravel the problem. What matters is to know the phenomena through their laws, which makes the science exists.

Comte said that progress is always associated with the idea of order and should be subordinate to it. Arose, then the positivist applied to the company motto: "Order and progress". This slogan would later be part of the Brazilian flag (CHAUÍ, 1997).

The positivism deeply affected the thinking because environmental introduced the philosophy of progress, understood as technical-scientific progress and accumulation of material goods, which was won with a style of sustainable development, produced by a degraded area of the nature. The technology and science were tools of domination of nature by man, which could provide details about the natural phenomena.

Recognized the emergence of new scientific theories, as noted on the scientific knowledge and not absolute, that allow new approaches and new environmental approaches. The overvaluation of the facts, evidence and the experience was harrowing, to the detriment of metaphysical or transcendental phenomena, i.e., discard everything that transcends the limits of experience and any possible intervention by a principle which is above, beyond our ability to know.

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